1kcstracts
CARL
MAROAWI

f
CHARLES
Aberdeen,

Current Jteratur&
ABSTRACTER R.
SHUMAN, M.D.,
MORTON LILLIAN JANICE

S
EDITOR

ALPER,

PH.D., Ph#{252}adelphw
D.SC., M.D.,
M .D.,

J. M.

OPPENHEIMER, M.D., PH.D., M.D.,

M.D.,

Philadelphia

STANLEY
JAMES

W. BATES, W. CONRAD,

Boston Philadelphia Memphts Scotland

RECANT, SMITH, STAMLER,

St.

Louis Urbana

N.
K. Hoawirr,
HYTrEN,
PH.D.,
MB.,

JEREMIAH

M.

Elgin
B.S., PH.D., M.D., M.D.,

BARNETT ROBERT
ROBERT HARRY JOHN

SURE, TARAIL,
TAUBER,

PH.D., M .D.,

F. E.
STANLEY JOHN

Chicago Fayetteville Buffalo

LATJRANCE

W. KINSELL, H. LOanER,
MUELLER,

Oakland

M .D., Philadelphia PH.D., M.D.,

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

Philadelphia
Cincinnati

L.

TAYLOR,

Minnpolis

F.

M .D.,

WATERLOW,

Kingston,
vhieb lropei I(1((l
lt()Vi(

Jamaica
les outlet
aloric it uglier

OBESITY: AND
The problem mugor
OCCUP1

CURRENT OBSERVATIONS
of obesity

THEORIES

(

ltI(’t

i()0

iS

1)1(5(11 umiust I 1 i

t e(1
m)1\

g(nelaI f( )t
Iim levels
‘li (‘((1

nil t

t iofl:I
u((hll(’t

I ion

:n ieqti:icv.
)(

mat t ion i va in

seigii
i

I

I tim
ot

has A median
(It

beefl is,n.s the and

attacked lipogene.si.s 1(1(1
to
to-

with literal

time ore uig i t lie

1)t11’tuit

of le:inness.
)flSi(
lisil:i

1’Iu
iiieum

of
I imaI I

itiiimct ha t veigimt

f r(’sh
hia.s’ and
l’Oll’ill(J

un u/a/ed

recent

i,eors. on I/i c
oxidation

consulerablc enzyme (ic,lz!,iie appear.s which(( (ic lfl the
(fl

(lie
(lilt

I S si i on It I

1(1:1 I il:u

I1:u
to In

itcoin

le( 1 1 f

long-t Suiut ux

etin

of

fatty
the

(lci(l 2-carbon

i#{149}i1ui’t ion

i5

at t:tiumii.--C. l.

fraq?n(llt.s Obesity bases, iniong

A,u.s
5(1cc

elucidated several psychok)gic(sl,
t
Pfl(1t C

1)1] Lipmann. etiologic find
relat

fiich .secmi iily

(1!l/)hlaSi.s

is
l)1l.I(’

7)la(’(lI forc(.s I
lie
ill

111)0?,
I)

riiiiiet tog
I
p(.stah((’e.s

1/

(111(1

iny.

genetic,

as
U

the
e ye

tireut accept (il)(’..at

iii1 Ob(.Sit ;

e n viroii ip or bet energy

in en tat caloric

Is.

7’S e

iii-

7’S is
e Ler,
(Is

is

iiiloubl

edly
l’7/(l7( ise

in
I I

.seleete(1 (I I (i

S i’of

i(,n.sbl of

ii’eeii governs
activity

in ta l(’ rate which at

a t nil Se fat the l)(1-

not

piepu e.ri.steoe(

S is

coiu’ejit
i1l(iiii/

expenditure
accu
‘10(1
.ij(’

ex/)laining patients.

tb

f

y

iii

mulitted
physical

di.sposcd lead to

of. blabitnal are frequently obesity.

a, ereat i,i g

these

re(luce(l (lith(’ullies

which

What
‘\oung,

Can
N. An,.

Be

Done

S. \Ioore. Practitioner

for the Obese K. K. ilerresford,
t’ 1)1g. lieu!.
limittit ion v )ti vat

Patient?
:iini

C.
B. \l. 195.5. 165 le( I
of tin

M.

Obesity-A
Berrvnman. The author to The in weigimt involving in to to the etc.
quoted,

Brief
.lfetaboli.sm discusses health disorders different time is
fat

Review of the 3: .544, 1954.
time inmportance and
longevity.

Problem.
of recounting obesity time

C.
as

Einset. H.

6: clinic

68,5,
with

Experience
Oi)ese patients

in a communit
rcferro

1b
in was was part of were

e l)i(Ysiciauls

reve:t iou in to appeared in reducing. subjects of

a
by

hazard
it.

su(’(’essftll groimp.
an

therapy Sonic success reduction i)een (let more stability ermining stah)le t ene, in weight need st ability in Time to an order authoN problem the early exists

only :thiotit oume-fotirtit oi)t ainedin anot ditlirtult seemed Those successful an am i some ients that prevention. 0. the stable, WAIFE means beforet berapy suitability only Therapy and
answer real culaulv

nmmnmeroums increase cessive ways presented references
are

associa lean body utilization to that for The fat
obesity

ted s’it niass The
and

ii

or

aggravated
and

fommut b. those he a a ppauent

jation between as enmphasized.

ohmesity

\\‘eight exwho had enmot ional signific:tnt eniot The less of A ionallv success great

the
lipogenesis

(‘amuse patii
ate

of

obese since

vim11(11(00(1. The the stti)le(t fact (it.
timi

metaholi(’ Time overeat
frequently is

who nect1re

relation compulsive
showing

storage. psychoneurotic

customary ing
ri-

st

anxious. rediot for of to feel is emotionally stage-S. p:lt

I

I

ia

lated (icpression,

desire

affection, regiumiens fat and

the effective

overcoming in diets.

cvalu:mting
is un-

weight emotional stittmted, ment.

redui’tion
high and protein,

are

the

estal)liShflleflt

of

a caloric deficit,
carbohydrate

determine

for
to

treat-

moderate

relatively energy output mended. A

frequent small feedings. An through uuioderate exercise basic diet plan for achieving

increase intime obesity is recom- he linuited erahlv at weight re521

should given pref-

522

THE

AMERICAN

.JOITHNAL

OF
A time

CLINICAL
(‘onsi(Ierahle simhcumlaneous is and oimly
(‘lifl i)e

NUTRITION
pt’oportion tissue, loosely pulled a form has fold. of been Viii(’im, attache(1
mum

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

Reflections 1)revfus. Pres.se

on

So-called F?i(d. 61

Endogenous

Obesity.

C.

of to ween

the imm many the tIme

body 1)aitS underlying thumb of

fat of

lies the tisand fold by

in

: 321.
ole
t lie

1953. in t he
that aimthor is is time and with that (‘oncerned. association, endogenous the time a
(

If
of

overeat

jug
it obese is

l)la’s

:m imma ni
nmerits

111(101 factor in points thyroid. the

ammemm I

body,
sue forefinger

obesity, every is or no

nevertheless peison. timing obesity. obesity results of as

of petcase out

bet Time

sonai of there tary, (‘enters so-called case ing of

PiedisPosition smmch nimtritional endogenous oi)esity

(‘onsi(Ieration Time a It regulation from specifically

into

thickness can to either used growth, skinfold to

this

of

genital of

hypothalanuic prohlemim Every in

that applying some pituithis technique mate of
with

skin

and subcutaneous

tissues caliper widely

he measured sideit. and of give an(1 with

an

esti-

of
fat

hody

fat

by surveys.

those
with on of how time

(‘oncerned
child

with the
is with which

nutrition, observed
picked up

(listril)ution,

vary-

anthroponuetric
thickness and on depends time

However,
the caliper

proportions, GOUNELLE

exogenous

factous.

-H.

design

it never

is been

uiueasimred.
properly were

These

characteristics
For this reason,

have

Eating segment
rued
ities, jects from

at night seems of our population
late teletision

to characterize ; it is a habit
viewing,

a fairly
perhaps
activ-

large
de-

standardized. carried out to

experiments

determine

the

optimal

designof

after-theater

and
reported

other

evening
below, pattern there
honrs

engagements. may be a
induces
and leads

In peculiarity
excessive
to

the

the
iluring

metabolic
the

which

subings. in not
eating

skinfold calipers. reconmmendations give nmaximimm
These were

As a result of were formulated consistency between
: that the face

these experiments, for a caliper to duplicate readarea of skinfoid cali-

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

amy

by
over

more
the

than
range

2.0
of limits

g/mm

noctnrnai

obesity.

exerted

; that opening 2-40 mm
; of that 9-15 the

the

pressure

should pressure g/mm with a 0.5

not
should

vary
he
of the

by

more
standard
instrument

than
the

2.0/g/mm
value
should

between

The J. Grace,

Night-eating
and H. G.

Syndrome.
Wolff. Am.

J.

A. Med.
morning
in 20

J. Stunhard, 19: 78, 1955.

re(’ommended W.
scale

of
he

10
read

g/mm that ;
at least which

the
to

mm

and
A new

preferably type of is the time
taken

to caliper

0.1

mnm. was introduced meets

The
nal

syndrome
hyperphagia,

under
insomnia,

discussion
and
study

consists

of noeturanorexia

in these

requirements
authors, the new a single

and
most

which,
satisfactory calipers, between observer siteswere to twice

in
the at 2-4

the
caliper

experience
yet dedeviameasuretriceps, subunits mm for on the consistent in at differvalues when body. differthe a

of

obese
tients
38

subjects.
treated may lie
involved

Itis
in
subjects.

described

special a

clinic etiology

of 25 obese and in none
is

paof mediathat

the
vised.

With

standard duplicate the

non-obese

Time

undetermined

tions
ments

of

differences

but
nisms cenmia

related
in

to

a

disturbance
appetite

in

time
so

by
and scale,

controlling

the scapular logarithmic opening

supraliac equivalent 7 mm. were

arterioyenous

may

ing satiety; overcome
difficult for

glucose difference and hypogiydevelop in time evening hours with decreasor, evening anxiety may develop which by ingestion of food. Weight reduction
these patients. It is apparent that Dexe-

blood

0.3-0.6 figures these

jaw

of observers

Theequivalent roughly were give

is ent is the

sites Observers

for measurement tended to

marked slight but

drine#{174}annot c

be

used

as
in

an

anorexigenic

agent

for ences

them, due to interference reactions were observed when dietary restrictions gested that this syndrome
stress related
SHUMAN

with sleep. Severe anxiety ences several of these patients another. were enforced. It is sugspecific is part of a response to study-B.
obese patients their obesity-C. and may R. be

in readings varied to
The problems SURE

on any a small
choice has of

one subject, and these differextent from one subject to
sites been to be considered measured in for this not

peculiar to time

to

certain

pathogenesis

of

The
gauging tential

use body
value,

of

calipers fat

to

measure

skin
of

thickness
great po-

The Caloric Subjects. V. and IA. Silver.
in After women a were

Value of Labile P. Dole, I. L. J. Clin. Investigation
control

Body Tissue Schwartz, N.
34: period, 590, 5

in A. 1955.

Obese Thorn,
healthy diet,

represents a method since body composition difficult. E ten under study. still

suitable placed

obese

measurements the composition of

on
and
the

a constant
deficit
changes variations;

composition

are adipose

technically tissue is

with
I isticai related separated

caloric
analysis with

excess
dietary the

in
in they

alternation.
weight could trend could

By
be

stacorran-

also
and

he
from

from changes “caloric

general balance.

weight is the ratio

Design Subcutaneous

and

Accuracy of Calipers Tissue Thickness. D.

W.
R.

H.

Hammond,

M
Brit.

J. R.
J.

Healy,

H. Whitehouse.

Nutrition

for Measuring A. W. Edwards, J. Tanner, and M. 9: 133, 1955.

doumm The

in
intake
revealed

water

equivalent”

of the
in
of

change
These
about 2.5

in

caloric

to
a

the
caloric

change
value

weight.
only

analyses

November-December

1955]

ABSTRACTS aimiount
weight enanv( 0.

523

(‘al/g--eviden(’e
is to stored
(‘:liOii(’

that
and released requirenient
as

a (‘onsi(leral)ie
l)art for published, to 24.4 of time titaimit Am.

of
response n

wmtem’sirable. age, and
during do years thus opposing and growth it is nuent a migimt seen
with

‘rhese
s’eight

cimildreum loss un good, of to he

ame no

already of haini. siumee :10(1 thman

taller growth IndeeI, grovth obese average and

titanil’VCi occurring it stops or 4 children in many

the shigimt
(‘ifl

retardation

alterations. daily
sp(- ime t

Time

some after turn

uitinmate onset mit time

5
may maturity.

cial diet
2: 336,

(previously

J. (Ylin.

Nutrition.
W.uFE

pumi)eity, shorter

1954) was

202

cal/kg/day-S.

Ftmrthermore,
Obesity growth
iniittei’

if

Sinclair
of

an(I

McCance

are

rigimt
“optimuni”

in

(‘oncepts

“niaximuni”

in and,
of

children as the

is following

interwoven stu(ly

with indicates,

height

rates, afl(I in correlating early overnourishearly immaturity an(I early death, then
well these to
HOWELL

it
puberty caloric

consi(Ierable

importance.

be in

prevent l)y

the

early (‘ontuolhing

onset

of their

(‘imildren

Obesity Weight, H. Wolff.

in the
Quart.

Childhood. Height, and J. Med. 24

Study of the the Onset of Puberty. (N. a.) : 109, 1955. already
by Obesity Neither puberty and between children birth These most childhood by of of controlling of obese weight separately, findings this Clinic was

A

Birthintake.-C.-J. 0.
7’he
ence of

importance
acute cardiac

of

a and

low caloric
disease is

intake
based upon

in of

the cardiac

preswork

Claims
at ren’s dence development birth

that
are

obese
not seen in of in obese at

children were
supported the Birmingimam.

overweight
careful of any genital the was of no obesity the study

the lower-

ing of of

body
be

100 children
Hospital foumnd time weight obese

Childthe
eviundermean

associated
should /)resented

metabolism with dietary
enforced below.

reduction

restriction.
obesity j)ieOnt is

1J’eight
for

re(Iuction
,eaufll.s

when

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

delayed boys. the obese if was emerged. that the

On birth
significant.

contraru’, of Even group suggest difference

difference and mean calculated normal

most
nificant certainly

Physiologic Effects of Obesity upon Incidence of Obesity in Coronary and H. L. Jaffe. J. Atit. Geriatric the M. Master sig-299, 1955. The inThe
is disease

the Disease.
Soc. 3:

Heart. A.

woul(l

relationships
are here

between summarized persons can of are be of time

obesity in frequently a

and review ha’e etc-no The ol)esjty l)tmlse in by normal and and witim of and there merely

coronary of clinical

acquired

and

can
the

heprevented
rate

and

statistical
obese

data.
“cardiac” actual
(‘01-

caloric intake. In comparing children with
was 1.6 found inches was of of that above

While
development

.symptoms-dysj)nea,

palpitations, symptoms

that
the

of

English

children
obese however, not the classes. to female. earlier and 6 obtain average he earlier

as
children this

a whole,
averaged highly when for in obese in girls

it cardiac
diovaseular probably their blood

abnormality
the pressure, and result

demonstrated. uncomplicated increased (Ie(’rease arteriovenous also acid,

height timetandard; s did to was found as year

are rate work weigimt reoxygen in obesity, and consimaiweigimt. no a by pasition. real umeits of capacity. bed. bo(ly
suc-

and

significant heighmt children Onset children, puberty of average

difference compared time puberty male occurred height as professional well abotmt a (13.6

witim they output exercise capacity blood debt

conconuitant eliminated and are is are lactic increased, reduced,

English tolerance,

duction.
obese In than months difference girls, but the respiratory

Cardiac
after

vital
and

(‘ardiac oxygen faster, electrois caused compression normal

rates,

years)

earlier sumption

than half had
obese than earlier In gain Height
loss

in girls above median height (13 years).Thus, lower respirations than in persons of time obese girls between 12 and 13 years of age These findings, plums teleoroentgenograni begun to menstruate. Pubertal development in cardiographic studies, in(licate that boys was similarly early-about a year earlier abnormality of time heart in obesity,
in 82 was
of 2

normal than of gain per per of or than significant the observed in cent their who cent in

boys boys children children or less

of above

average average

height, height. girls), reduction

and

6 height

montims chanical elevation limitation the excess lungs weight and weight gain. The 2 surface lose metabolism gain cessfully statis- in
oxygen

interference and of with the tissue and fatty additional area displacement respiratory consequment

witim to

its a

function, transverse of of

(33

boys
who

and 49
shmowed of their expected loss weight,

nmovement, reduction burden an work
consumption

during more than

a weight

program.

vital

a monthly standard height less did a gain height (a than was who

perimaps

additional through cardiac a(’companied
oxygen

supplyingtime c:mpiilary by
been

increased demanded by increased
has

was
per weight, 4.6 tically In the

14.8 cent more

their

in(’reased total

Children

whose

monthly
standard gained their on

weight weight, expected

not

and
redumced

showed height

by oxygen

weiglmt

reduction, increased
impi’oved in of cardiac low of

which
oxygen output calorie

result A-V

decreased
difference and Hence

consumption,

difference). these that children very weight and important reduction may even findings, is not be

(indicative a considerable time benefits

commenting author suggests in

utilization), and conwork.

fall
coronary

(bets

in

traindicated

obese

de- anginai

syndromes

and

occlusion;

mortality

524

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF
been iimakc

CLINICAL a tliastic

NUTRITION calorie

[Vol. curtailment

3,

No.

6

in

pat

iints to

with have diet. of (Lis(:(s( I he

utile been
iii

coiommarv significantly t nit ics
in

occlusion reduced
on ohesmty

has by an
ii
SOIflPate

veiy

possible.-

reported 500-calorie

F. E.
The
group, goVerned

HYTTEN

A na
(‘oi’on:Luy lmov of twice doubtedly

lysis

fa i 1in r sta no

le:(\es

(lolmh)t pe(’t Otis, occlusion, has controls. we been

tl(at

t h(’y
t(’uit(

Jollou’inq
deal

abstracts’, ui//i t1l( as genetic
appears

Jr(im th(’o(// well factors.
tobe

the th,t as other

active food

Harvard intake is physiological,

coiiei:i overweight as titt?\’
ic i)Ot

insufficiency,

(‘(I . Jim :mtmgina t aumd iii coionary
and great signify. it ohesit
Its
‘

(‘Oi’Oliilt’

t he found Despite arc

frequency to be these about

by
of

(lppetitc and
fat

psychological,
utilization

In
regulated obesity by

addition,
differently under

the
study.

obesity ammmong A findings,

as

significant itmitl \(il

what
iili(I(’il
Obser’Lt

tommmmmmon coronamy Sr as liit(I
‘‘

nmetabolic (lisease. i(’les IV
ly

anin several not yet certain Food intake fault may present in (iofnman’s I ime S’Pt blood to st he in

experimental may the eX/)(li(n(’((l S (11(1?flie(llly be

types

of

controlled
ill

“glucoreceptors” to

hypothalamus

omim of

itm(’r(:Ise(i

pail iui Oi)esi

itt huts
( istse I

a rteruovenou.s
is

(lijJerence.s
ii’Iien
approa(’h

which t Sc

are sensitiu’e glucose levels. blood

(‘oronary adequat
Oi)esi

(Iis(!lIsP, (‘lS’ Iy as

hunger

I( t
(‘

(1

rteriovcn(nls

(!Xi)lliiii((I,

;immy I (nul)t at
()i)iiO

I () (StIil)lisii
iS

glucose
obese,

(Iiff(l(il(’(s

zero.

In
((lid

genetically
goldthio glucose

t ite

‘(‘OliS(

(1

f

ill

S ypot

0l)C.ie,

obese
jar., in

Preimmit

lii(.-C.-J.

1Io\Eim.

animals, (‘ertain which characterize
series of six

metabolic these
abstracts.

patterns conditions,

are as

emerydescribed

this

The Obese.
““iimiI)l( i Ps’ (IailV t 01 )il in th(ii waist of pat leafy they After poumn(ls, being tins effective able nlthough tmnumed of I lie I iiree weakness, secret
vitamin
.

Action
A.

of

Chorionic
Simneons. imas of

T.

\V.

Gonadotrophin Lanc(t 2: 946, 1954.
(‘(5(5

in

the

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

Oi)eSitS’’’

iimje(’tions
\\‘

beeim t me:iI ed in sonic 500 125 I U of (‘hom’ionic
5 S’(iC

gonadohip \Vhen
(‘on-

Fat Obesity.
Nauss,

Metabolism Body
N. C.

iien
,

pat I lie m’:is iii’t g of

jent

a I iO%l’e(I

t0

(‘aim t mIle t lie without eu’h an(I ad and loss

in Three Composition. Hagnitin, and J.
of experimental

Forms of Experimental M. W. Bates, S. Mayer. Am. J. Physiol.
obesity mice injury. (‘ent of tue were studied: ; (2) mice

F

1i5101

I (lilt
.

I rent
ii

imment loss uncut.,

re(luIced (lays, of a l)ut

180:

301,

1955.
foi’nis ai.y

nmeasureumuents ‘eight ients

‘it lmium t en
1m’ays to

Timree

‘Fimere
rest
“

a 111(1 it P. miorimmal usk,

( 1)
immade
of made

imeredit
OI)ese
obese

‘(i(

(‘(I

I%V() mmmcmi do i Iy, ls

obese-hyperglycemic I)’,’ goldthmioglurouie
1)’,’ hvpotimalamnit’ I ban is hocI’
nmi(’e.

mnje(’tions;
weigimt

(3)
Increased in-

rats
fat

sist ing

of

1()0

lean

helping apple an

vegetables, lost ltE)otit
Oil

mum lmmmsweeteime(1

a(’counted
(‘rea.se anitnals mflcOflcontent 20-30 animals in of of

for
time

)r time equivalent
froni

in fruit , wit ii stilt
250-600
0

ammd fluids “withmout a 111(1(1 (lay’s and time

lib.,”
any

iiiore all three fat time this

90 l)C forms. In m’as group

obese
similar.

and
lower and found

nonobese
Time in mature to HEIMER have a protein young

g
doing

daily,

(‘herni(’allv Both

\‘enmemm(’e 40 days’
tippet nornual “inmnmunity” about (‘OtiiSe to nmamntain they timeir

vork.”

nmam’kedly youmng w(’re

treatimient
V

loss

of

ohese-hyperglycenmu’ gi’eater body

to could
time

it ret mmmcd , time ((‘f lOfl after given.
rea(’imed

t here apparently of t ime hornmone wimicim Patients
after

samuie

cimolesterol

content

.-M. J. O1’vEN

laste(I

6 weeks, be
weight

another

equally

hecanme
500-calorie
saline
11,

weak (liet.

and

treat imment,

inje(’tions

gommili lot 101)1) (Inys. ly
thmere

tlie %‘(‘igil which imresistii unable were

t 1055 time ly to noted

Fat Metabolism in Three Forms of Experimental Obesity. IV. “Instantaneous” Rates of Lipogenesis imungry if they conin Vivo. M. \V. Bates, C. Zomzely, and J. Mayer. When, during a course Mn. J. Physiol. 181: 187, 1955. were substituted for C”-carhoxyl-labeled acetate was inj e(’ted into time
treatment,

usually were

commt mnued

for 111)0(1

lifter b(’(’amn(’ felt
was

patients hungry, (‘lint inue treated

(‘onmplaine(l and either patients. wimi(’im could I reatment. No

of was ate

peritoncuam

studied

amid its retention aft el30 imm mu

h’s

incarcass and iii expernnent

liver
ally

lipids
obese of time

or

animals.
liver while

A(iipose tissue
Fast jag
lmpogenesis diet ha.s a of ad liver titan hmns a on

was
more that

time site
marked of

of ost m
peripheral

deficiencies occasional a (‘orrecte(I by (‘onditions : overweight I his way

in
of

synthesis.

influmence

on
tissues, a syn-

but he

hypoglycemia sugar. often dinhet associate(I ics us long an(1

teaspoonful

greater and
(luring more fat than and nmi(’e

affect.
feeding,
carcass

on
0l)eSC

liver. Under
anmnmuuls

Other iimmproved

with
whose

obesity
weight 1)100(1 I hey nmmnmber peptic did of ulcers,

regimen was group. mice derdo

libitum

timesized

more
However, produmced

fat
normual,

titan

time
although rats

control
gol(l-

reduced
sugar

in
which

often
ned again. after

developed
noriumnl Clout, treatmemmt,

a nornmal
its

fasting, obese-hyperglycemic hmypot hitlamiii(’

i’ern:a weight improved 11mev

not inatoses

gain

a and

hioglu(’ose so.-M.

oi)ese

did

not

J.OPPENHEIMER

altimommgh
There iii was previously

an

(lid not increase in
overweigimt

heal,
libido women.

became and often
that,

symptomless. in fertility
chorionic
it does

Fat
Hepatic Hagman.
Imhu.iiii!.

Metabolism

in

Three

Forms
Vitro. and A.

of

Obesity, V.
N. I. C.

The
gon:uiot

author
rophin

concludes alone (lois

although
weight,

Lipogenesis In N. B. Marshall, 181 : 501, 1955.

J. Mayer, J. Stoops.Am.

not reduce

Noveinber-Decenmber

1955]

.BSTRACTS
were goldthioglucose slices then into an increase observed results ot’ 1)ei’ gram animals The of fat in was that time obese or with fronm on because these C”-carbox3’l(leternhined fat. a genetic of Goldtimioglucose dissolved and timioglut’osc intake time e1etttctl. nonobese lipo-slight was in ‘ete iimcrease(l ut houghi (‘ontrols. hmyperpimagia, activity. i’apidlv diets.
on imigit

525

The ba.sis, control lal)cle(l amount time genesis trols. or hy)otha1amic

test as

animals a result lesions. were The

used of Liver

induced water. ifleffc(’tIVc. 75-100

oi)esity Gohltimiomalate

in time

IAD and obese

(loses imuice

whmen food was to a

sodiuimm

In

animimals a(’etate. of C” aninmais in were

incumbated authors in(’orporate(l there above whether of of mire each livei in fasted controls. types. was markedly an(l types in of

per

cent 0iJe5( uptake,

; oxygen tim vas nrice an(1 lane less imypot

I)im’St’:Li ;(‘im(’t n’:tllv ( low ( lol(lt This is oxygen

:u’t ivitv

siimuilar have dccieased gain on
oixse

‘imichi vas
fed types true

If
in

all
the

timree
WLS

This

(‘on- Pii’si(’al werecxnmost pi’ot em fatsyntlmesis )eiphagi(’ there mice-NI.

iiiogltu’osc fa t (iiets, siimmilai

gain to

n’eigimt imighi by-

pressed on fice tissue. was ‘as in less genetically

basis However, that

hmaiaimmic

mmmice hut

(hifferent

froimm

gemmeticahiy

timan

Nevertimeles.s, depression

J. OPPENIIEIuIER contrast
and are those required. betu’ea reviewe(/ the results al)oc( reported in(lica/es that in this furl/u’s

a difference
in Two Since obesity is that in in increased (leplessed factors

in
obese

the three

less
obesity an(1 fat

than
obese scent

that
to after

The
ivork be studies

observed Slmi)jectS. mepresented. thalamic feeding (‘ates at error since a fast fault

goldtimioglucose different increased by which is hepatic

hypothalamic

goldtimioglucose hmepatic a uutml)sequent preside over increased indicated lipogenesis in

hypo-

synthesis fast, food A genetic persists

mditimis
intake basic obesity, althotmgim

pernmitting

lipogenesis.

Studies in Obesity-Diabetes arc Acetate. W. 4: 227, 1955.
Obese
acetate

Acetate Metabolism Syndrome in Parson and K. R.
sttisliid saimme producing lesion ‘miteas that a by Mayer imoimobese ido(’k inciemised responsible (‘xpci’ilmments,
ini(’e.

in the Hereditary Mice Utilizing C” Crispell. Metsibolus,st
did taut catabolize

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

metabolism inmposed.-M.

imiice at time conclusion

is

J. O1’I’ENHEIMER

anlitmais,
in for time acetate lipogenesis the’

leading
utilization as ant to of the In hot’s syndroimme.

to

time

Fat Obesity.
Mayer, 1955.

Metabolism Fatty
alm(l S. F.

in Acid

Three Forms Turnover.
Am. J.

of M.
Physiol.

Nauss.

Experimental W. Bates, 180: 309,
these and

was repeating

a factor

l)iochmemical J. a(lrninisterc(l

timese and

1)i’csent acetate

cai’boxvi-iabcied nonobe’se

sodiuni

C’1O2 vas nm(asured. rime iesuiits showed timat obese tIme Iili(’e claim mat (‘(1 nmoi’e CO ; t he t ot al radioactive CO2 decline in isotope content of carcass fat was nmeaselimination revealed that obese mmmice catabolized the ured against time. The fat turnover was 50-60 pet injected mL(’(’tate as well mis time nonobese mi(’e. The (‘ent of control values in mice. Hypothalamic rats ieasons for time (his(’rel)ancy i)etween timis work and turned over less timan 5 per cent of time amount wimichm thmat )revioumsiy ieportcd by Mayer are not apparent. was observed to be turne(l over by normal controls. -C. R. SIIt’MAN These results indicate different metabolic patterns
animals this for the various kinds of obesity.-M. J.
OPPENHEIMER

C”-carhoxyl-labeh’d studies. The

ia liiuit were

i(’

acid fed

is’as

used in material

obese

The

ehinmination

DIGESTION
J. Dietary
the nets
1)01/s.

AND
fat is
,luu’e ore

ABSORPTION
by
ssu’cus

OF
lipases derives!

FATS
from

Fat Obesity.
Mayer,

Metabolism Acetate
and timese This mnoi’e are S. studies. ic C” losing obese animals. obese Carcass were in F.

in Three Forms Incorporation.
Nauss.

of M.

Am.

J.

Phy.siol.

Experimental W. Bates, 180: 304.
was and
Ic

h ydrolyzed
ales!

pancreatic

enteri(’u.s. by

The

prodglycerol, Sonic others coinI eta! The
t

1955.

In
used. retain they

C’t-carhoxyl-laheied fed to and lipids This which retain If wcighmt arc 5 is obese than mae (‘arcass

acetate mice hypothalam not t lie amaint

of of fatty

/sydrol,1xis which. au (((‘u/s wit/s tue of are

the (lb.sorb(’d estcrified fat

falt

acids and the ;nucosa. with cholesterol; the Tie ese (if and fat. as mucosa,

(li

mmiaterial was

rats. when of anmount all state in

the ‘rre btieng

Obese-hyperglycenm

rats

reconstituted

into hydrolytic fat
esters

within theory

controls true same ained,

dils ydioxyacetone. as /s ylo,nu’rons c in the
form

findings
digestion.

weight. Immice, mice

I imioglucose as control types controls. nutrition of

to support goldtransport
(115(1

pho.spholipid.s

(‘hOl(.1l(’(Ol

of lipoprolein.s

andi’ats fat

retain

more
strains,

C”

than (10
and

recognized. of

content,

uptake, terns
HEIMER

adequately (‘ontrohled. Differences therefore, depend on different metabolic in the different kinds of obesity.-M. J. OPPEN-

Digestion
S. Harris,

of
J.

Neutral
W.

Fats 685,
to wimichm to

by
amid

pat-

R.

Chamberlain,

J.
time

Human Subjects. H. Benedict.
digestion are an(l glycerol, t hieOl’\’, time tcstiiie in of

J. Clin.
There fat:

Investigation are down a ic I u m fat is two

34:
theories in

1955. explain
fats fatty
/)(l

time hydrolytic,

(triglycerides) acids rt iculote in

Energy
R. Nlarshiali

Balance
and ,J.

in

Mayer.

Goldthioglucose t .1. Phy.sioi. as.

Obesity.
178: 271,

N.hroken
i’lm i(’ii
in

completely ii )501 bed, partially

:11141 the
hydrolyzed

1954.

wii icii

526

‘l’IJh

.MEHIC.N

JOtTRN.l4

OF’

CLINIC.I
The Effects
C. H. Am. influence

NUTRiTiON
of Sitosterol
E. 19: time other 20 to periods lowering (‘onconmitant lipid trend and towar(I 30-100 to may phiospimotums lower 61, plant lipids, 25 g of 14 to of m’eduction Med. of using prolonged

[Vol.
on
J.

3, No. Lipids.

6 M. M.
J. D.

t () liionoglyceri(1(s. ‘(‘suit fatty iahls. is an a(’idS, enuulsion and

(iigly(eri(Ies, of bile and diank oil) wem’e acids Fat stu(lied jelly, difference wlmen it was fat fed sugar, in was alone-S. appreciable were digestiorm in these and time iuutiah salts detailed nmelted an(i by quant i)m(sent am I’ecoveme(l

and which study,

fatty entei

acids. Time triglycerides, time healthy fat time intestinal young (soybean l)artiail’ It all ate pemiods toast, was meal

Serum
Van 1955. sterol, and time patients

glycerides,

Best, Wathen. Time

Duncan,

Loon,

and

J.

beta-sitosterol, on lipoproteins given free total in observed. lipoprotein Time with to feature effects dietary a lowering recompetes absorpand total chmolipid, Less levels of on substance

In
imutie afl(i (iigested

this

careful

on

serum

cimolestei’ol, for A with fat, was 3-10, are

subjects cottonseed lipids itmat fiee digestion. also fatty

vegetable intubation and it ies at a subjects, coffee. l)rOI)01’tiOn in(’oiporated WAIFE 0. into of immoie anaiyze(l.

was (laily wasdiets. lest.em’ol neutral evident of S no sitosterol

studied

sustained a and a 10-30, attributable fat absorption, study. substance of further athieros(’leiotic

serum was

found

ummonoglycerides conventional wimo Timere of digesfat a

mtn(l
of

almmmost

mmcmii was immargarine, significant.
lion pro(Itmcts

classes.

interference

and
in of quires

endogenously-foinmed
serum cholesterol further netmtral

cholesterol.
be secondary although this Sitosterol of sin(’e has been study stmttes.-C. found it

Time reduction

and

when

apparently cholesterol non-toxic produces

Mechanism
Frazei. Time fi’otn (lay, iipoiytic imuvolved Nature cimangiimg Pfli’igei”s are i)i’iefl’s’ t.lm(oiy t imiec Conmplete

of Intestinal 175: 491,
i(leas iipolytic annotated. i)’’ time imy(lroiysis is not

Absorption 1955.
intestitm:ii imesis of changes. of an to glycei’ides obligatory be can of watem after bm’otmgimt
i’emove(i be

of
fat. limit ii Paititiofl

Fat.
absorption,

A.

C.for
tion.

esterification
This
worthy
in

in theprocess

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

:mbout hmysot

is

desirable

I hme present of They to stepin into
from

effects

H. Siiuuii.AN

Time nmodei’im one

rel)ia(’enient

the huts

The

mmmain conceptual

“(1)
a(’i(Is process

and
of

glycemol
fat

are and the fatty protein

Effect of Ingestion Fractions
E. Boyle, 4: effect of of lipid 302,

Varying the of Sitosterol of Human
R. S. Jackson, 1955. time by were

Intake on Serum.
and

of Dietary Fat Lipid and LipoC. F. WilkinM. R. Benjamin.

time
watemtime

son,

Jr.,

“(2)
soluble sinai!

Lipids
brims intestinal Eventual the oil in

absorption. (10 not imave before lumen. I)mtrtitiOn an(l time time body timey

Metabolism
The and nmolecules mmiay affect betheit’ upon hipoprotein serum that

decreasing sitosteroh

fat

content upon

of

time and

diet

administration

serum in a group

“(3)
tween distribution HYTTEN

time phase

lipid

deteimnined fractions

umltracentrifugation determined The Diets
elmolesterol.

absorption.”-F.

E.

of seven patients stool cholesterol”

with
was

lipid
fat

disturbances. also measured.

“total providing
In

less the Intestinal Absorption and in Non-tropical Oleic Acid and Palmitic

timan

025 g

of

per day

produced
trend time

a ‘am’iable
5 week to the of 49 g of of second appeared ratios s’mms added cholesterol

A Study on Normal Adults Carbon-labelled
Blomstiand. Fatty into found
a hsorhed.
iti

degree of depression of total serummi of Fat in time downward Sprue with of time 7 patients, was arrested om’ meversed during Acid. R. 129, 1955. fat decrease It acids t lint
of fermi

Ada acids were and

Med.
fed

5Scandinav. wit two till’

152: ii carbon’’, umorumal

restriction. the
of

Time eiolemmmic clmoice ovei associated or to

low

fat s.

regimen Sitosterol serum

lal)el(’(l to of

incorpomated subjects. ty
ci’

pimospiiolipid/chiolesteiol stmbje(’t diets containing umim to of with (‘ontiol stool could R. appeared not e b SHUMAN a 35 return

olive

oil, Time

norummo-(’hmolest was

1 imat 99.4

pet’ ((mit

ial)eled
)oi’t (‘d the
mills

fat

were I

t0

(bets

of vegewas sitoslipoprotein
of ion

resumh t s a Iso suij

concept

I able not tion. terol

fat altered The was
to

daily.

Nevertimeless, periods administration

(‘holesterol weeks fat. of Time to he all excret independeimt with serum ivitli addiI imis and

iioi’imia I out Its t lie anmount

I timat’mu’t

lipids fats. In of time Analysis

are a

not,greatly wit

inthmcmmcd

by alt

et’atiomms

iii 100(1

vegetable levels.

patieimt aslnministered revealed

ii noui-t iOJ)i(’al spitmi’. 76.5 labeled thmat part howevem’, of fatty acids dietary non-dietam’y or utmabsorhed was immaterial

per

cent absorbed. fatty acids

values
nmateiial fat origin desAn levels

om in

above able, time and changes-C.

iveic

digitoxin-precipit intake

Liebet’nmann-Burchard-posit.ive of correlated

constituted certain and quamation.-S. represented

timemajor portion, 0. bacterial

time fecal fatty

acid.
in muucosal

A

cholesterol

W.AIFE

interestusy of beest energy rural explained

ohxc,s’ation
/)C(5Ol55

on

I/s.c high basis u’eig/st the of this

lower caloric of of type an

c/solestcrol intakes increased This t/se.se concept subjects lltClS(k’d under somerate

consunsiis#{231}j on in the t/se.se
exceeding

Aotc in(/
I/se /1(1 l’s’

the

(OflJlidtils(’J
(‘O55((’i?(ilIf/

c’.sults’
of is unan 15 51115(’S’OlI.s’

s’(/)Ost(’(l

ilt

I/sc

followupon I/s
SI.s

haS of
is

(11)1(0(1.S’ lipid se ported
fractims.s (1/)/)(’(Is(’(!

i/se (fJ((’t
.u’s’uin oIlier

of
iii

s’ito.sterol Sac/s
diqes’euce.s 5’(’.s’titJ(ltlOflS

t urnos’es’ 1)/I c(llOs’i(’ Furl/se, intake

subjects. Recoin

.s’51/)/)O5l(’d
(1

the loss’ I)ody studies

itt

far

wit/s

i/sc use

of

this

substance.

Allowances.

N ovemmti)(’i-l)e(’eiiml)ei’

1955]

.BS’i’RA(.’l’S

327

is/sat flisnation.

flto,’e

controlled (if t/s.is u,ork.

conditions

nsa

awaited

for

con- 1 , 6,

ui

12 imionthis
imigh time time alter ration
age

on was

siml)itetmell given on period, On aninmals
exist in

I lie for I lie time a on rat time

life linmited time iomm. high

spami age fat hand,
to

; at

(li) of

if
and North G. V. Cholesterol Americans Mann, J.
19: 25, 1955.

time

fat nmice the

diet. vem’e the life in
(liffei’ences

perio(I

t iimie,

longevity

effect slepensled l)lmt(’e(l growthm span. older

The trations ferent
an(I N. Total %vei’e subjects (liet, amounts American levels observed (lid in of not Nortlm urban

Serum Lipoprotein of Central and Dietary Habits. S. Scrimshaw. Am.
cholesterol nmade for on subsisting (‘otmmparison and of than at tend fat. subjects the to other any age rise Atall a and gioup on Noi’tlm age showed groups a with

ConcenGiven with Dif(lid not A. Mufloz,
enriched

vhicim

(luring

ration a injurious.
sus(’el)ti-

other seemed
regard

fat-

J.
of

Med.

In
biiity
Ammieriraim egetaiian on urban large Central cholesterol

shmoit,

beta-lipoprotein rural fat, sinmilai Anmericans levels lower mind no as Time similar
of

nmea.simrenients Central largely studies eating time ruial mean sex has to higher exhiibite(1 however,

to

(lietaly

inibalammi’es.-S.

0.

\V.ii”F:

low

(luatenmalans

Influence of Previous genesis and Lipogenesis.
Roberts. Higim Am. fat iesult and time the otimer been on Time mmmay l)e

J.
diets of fatty

Physiol. were this acids carbon

Diet J. 181 : 446,
fed for time in of was fasted fat. diet, isotope

on
1955. two
vitro

Hepatic
and timree into in which was fed had

Wimitumey l’. to

GlycoS.
nmonthis. liver animals. previchoobservadepressed of is these period glv-

difference

level.
with subjects. were

Time
age

chmolcsterol
been thmose
time

levels
observed

As was of cogen

a

reginme

incorporation

isotopic

nmethyl hand, a (lata higim

acetate rats there into

depressed

American Gumatemalans The Americans Ammmeris’ans, levels. weme Time variable ruial is Central 10

cholesterol of
female

levels North timose sligimtly amnong.

On
oushy of tions

in of

a stimulation hepatic

Anmericans.

beta-lipo)roteins wete wimile ; urban hmigimei per timan cent in frequently time niales

incorporation

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

Central
of Nortim lower

than

hesterol.

presemmted on acid is fatty

suggest I lie synthesis.

timat basis

the of livers It early

explaimm(’ll

differences, those

groups
levels cans. intake

Guatenmalans of have excess and than the on the Anmericans

shiowed Northm a caloric

glycogenesis and time time, cimolesterogeneeis time possible adaptations animals that which

At same time the fat-adapted. establishes in time

increased been fat feeding persist J.

in

as The

hmighm or

Aimmeri-

hmave timat tiie’

prolonge(I and is immmposed.-M.

which

Reseai’chi an average, These levels may are

Council’s 15 per be increased differences differences time levels

allowance, (‘eat leaner that

findings

stmggest dependent

of time National when a fast yet they were, on time otimer groups. l’h e value serum lipoprotein energy turnover, nosls alimeislation
its in

OPPENHEIMER

of
several

riced of counlry. to
obser

ral sI tidies

fat

e m ulsions palients /ia.s reported furl/icr I/ic j)rohl(’ni

in beets perfection

I /te demon-

jut

ra cc-

husiutis Il’il/s. (‘lifltiflatC
i ‘(‘(1, 1 /se

whereas
group, osition. serum not lipoprotein SHUMAN explain

cholesterol
The hipi(1

levels,
by in in rural in

which
energy fat these Central

were
accretion intake groups

low
fail

in
or to since

the
fat

rural strated
dep-centers explain these toward (10 a(lequatc and be
overcome.

front various of unwill occasional of patient supplyinri

bhis

preparations react iOu’S calories’

they H.

dissociation

between

cholesterol Americans-C.

its

I/sepostoperative

Clinical Emulsified
In lifi’
(‘iii’,

Experience Fat. Vt.
S. B. Andrus,

R.

with Intravenous W’addel, H. P.
mimmsl F. J.

I/se /s sitnan,
5J)(115, ((5

obesity
ilsdi((lt(’(!

i.s’

a.ssoctated morla1l
(sb.s(’rsc(’

‘md/i y .s’latisIics.
(‘Ot5Ce(i5i1s/ of oI)e.sity

a .s/sorls’,sed
hoe,’-

Olsen,

Infusion Geyer, ‘F. Stai’e’.J. Lab. t (‘lips..
will) I i neputinclinical 426 hi Time react ions in or umse(1 hulk observed time

of H.

by
I/se

hI(’(l. 45:
th

697,
emisi ye

1955.
I y I In’ group ext )enl’nl’(’ ion various witim 1466 or nature to to otimer on various were of ft’cnii 11 at’vai’d
vi I It

I/use
a /si11/.

is fat
of

lithe (list I/se
of a

its formation
in.

I/se
u/iou

effect aisunal.s,

of

Fii is nit ide
itmo I ext lions experience their results of deals their as well is fat, whiom

life 5/)1115
I/u’ feeding

/suii,i(iu,. hig/s fat diet

In

(‘X/)eIillle?ltal a/)/)e05’s to be

I uncut

‘i’a I fat

injurulus.

is mi s’oimmpilmtt

I lieu’ infusions

a(’(’uminulat.e(l itmto ill the fats wit

witim

fat eimmulsions. seiiously infection, of

Timey review patients, int.raof enmultime eitimem’

Life
Ages. Bioc/u’m. A inbred were

Span
H.

of Mice
Silberherg & Physiol.

Fed
and 33: (441) used cent after of
a 5

a High
M. 1955. male diet one time cent of a fat high 167, of in fat time,

Fat
Silherberg.

Diet

at Various

most abdominal paper

Canad.

J.
a some month and

malignancy witim I lie relations as given thus

hmrge strain on life, nionthms. a

number were 30 per sonme mortality
(on

mice experiments: from some

of one beginning

closely and sion,

feeding

possible
time having ion st )ped. o svmis

variables. been
a

No
metabolism

in-

age,
early 12 to

others

for
and

a limited

fornmation of time in of elsewhere. Time

utilization

infornmation i’eac’t mts

published
one. and nit cnn,
OflC (time

immontim,months, 6 groups sto(’k fat was diet), diet

immomct (‘oniimmon miho’e 2#{176} . F geimei’aily of tue

t iiei’imiogenic intolerable I his

Whmen

I hme
control

A l’Oimmh)mti’l’ll it was fronm time ag(’s97

ruse

considered Using oil

the

pci’

infusioum pel rent

fotmnd

that

(a )

feeding

cottonseed

immfusiomms

528
itm
as

THl
gemmet’al weie 86 85 per 94 misc Pci’ per (‘ent at (‘dm1 cent of of time of pci coconut PIt’ not usually an(1 time in upon ; of correlated time relation betiveen rate, h) time (lirect nature None to to the no and be be relation reaction affected mmd(le(I he or a phosphmatide
iti

.MERICAN
time) of cottonseed 82 pci oil, tniolein elmills hut of oil. oil-olive (‘emit ed
time

JOURNAL

OF

CLINICAL

NUTRITION

[Vol.
experience of multiple to the usefulness siguiificant lessen frequency is imav fat

3,
with sclerosis time greatest and

No.
a

6
low is fat sunmof

present all (‘o(’onut infusions cent

weie syntimetic

tolerable, tn- diet oil (‘eat of cent without severe

Five in

and the

one-half treatment This by (bet

years’ appears Its l)efoi’e of bY

olein. sions, oil,

Ninety-one

emul- uimanized. olive I lie of of in steady to The disease tue the

sum erity severity early mind might

iedu(’ing

83 weie ;
in

Per

exacerbations. disease, progression mecimanisni

Pemmntmt oil, ally yrogen Other imio(Ieiate I lie minutes after nmai’ilv wimich alleigic imemm(lachme. seemed concentiation seem mind was teins mm(’tions Pynibenzamine of fat Time ticumlarly those itI) emulsion. concerne(l. re(’orded at il to 50 pet emulsion. repoi’ted thi(’ obsei’vesl a a chest
,

and 76 reaction. sidc-effe(’ts I)ain, legs,

of seie buick is ; h)iood

disability developed. ititake

a in-

symimptoimis is’imichi lesion time in iesimlting of state meals in of

also
on

seen
afew

in

fluence
I hmat be of pt’itime clime time

the
to thmat by an a

disease
tissue this large

is discussed.
ischenmia stability altered fat

It
multiple froni time time persons defect. higim CONRAD

is imypotimesized
sclerosis a bi’eakdown It is presumed Time appendix carbohydrate, is precipito sugblood. blood may

annms, infimsioum Svstoli(’

5S’lii(’ii (‘OtliCs started and ‘asonmotor

neurological suspension

after short rise subi(Ic phenomena

disappears
changes, and ; anorexia, side-effects with oil. vasopressor Timei’e time these of serum various ic25 i.ott mug le either There did effect. infusion

intermuption slowing nausems, the

pressure the

ptmlse,gested various tated amidI)ossesS im’ludes immoderate the

‘otimiting, afotementioned vei’v of the I he well the time level could to adverse quite the represent time that time obtained )resuimmal)ly l)i’ocelhtmre Not mn fever as low

inherent reconimended protein

mmietabolic low fat, diet.-’S. W.

betweemi used as non ly of is where nui’ as be far noted intervals well

VITAMIN
‘l’he diets effectiveness of confirmed,

B1

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

enmulsifiei. of

pin-

of
undernourished

vitamin
alt/sough

B12
c/sildsen a

supplementation
has growing not been number

of

a(hininistu’atuon time 600-util

adequately of

itl(’idefl(’I’ febiile i)\’ cent. Ilowevei’, Fhiis ones, others

teactions, compared incidence

of reports hate appeared indicating a beneficial gain, increased height, and improved appetite the mse of the vitamin in growth failure. pan- lowing
studies, are needed controlled
Vit(lflsifl

weight folAdnegative In caloric

ditionat to ranges results, several a supetiom’ intake, response is were hourly be well at miss this reac-

including for experiments has a

t/sose complete with

showing a evaluation. constant

B,,

not been

it

should 20-Imminhmtc clmai’t

temperatures first from ivould could by to have a few hour,

dcmning
Ian

the infUsion,
intei’vals. teummpei’at nrc but known rune following to the There however. immone imiet imods there ‘I’ime like I limit
iii’l)uigiiout I

hom’spit

and then ivimirli This rises. time of have about mind

reguthe

improvement of food is an action of e’ilainin
lion

Ihat

of appetite important B12 reported

effective, suggesting and increased consumpfactor in the favorable elsewhere. in the J. Crunip 10
to 12 prior majority retardaoverweight patient..s 12

four-hmoumr
significaumt gioup, is lion fat of time

The Use Treatment
mind R. Tully.

of of

mentioned anapimvlactoid-hike of

Vitamin Supplements Failure in Children. J. Pedintrics 46: 671, 1955. 25
administered wimose were observed of had a and ages selected

Partial Growth

ahstiacter

happened,

o(’(’uu’uen(’e

A a
vitamin ished These mind to of lion the time

mixtume
B1 children cimildren had been

of
was

of

vitamin
dmuily ranged from to

B
50 from

and
3 private

rug
years.

of

adimiinistration been

ml

of

undernourpractice

emulsion. fatality, Until is

mmo reported sonic of preparation in
variable to

instances time of pimysicoand fat rebut goal mit several time MUELLER batches

knowmm us mire I)iohleiii report in the diels i.s ssl time count
l)f

for
time poor

at
appetite

least

one year
The and/or Two

s’iieummis’a I piopert better of act woik lent will The sclerosis Swank, observations this disease ci’s b prepared ions. eummumlsions,

fum I hound

time time vil I by no is and futuue.-J. I/se treatment
its several

(‘imvlomici’on,

administration subjects

vitamins.

provided wliiclm is iy

for

to variations he lead

mmml i’i’imsl

of (‘imil(lren
who chided
(‘l)flt

growth who
in two parents followed and

development.

ummemmns solved, goimmg certainly F.
of

received

simowed no response time velmiele without.
Time vitamin

and vitamins
in

were
soimme beneficial Data cases to and cases

inwas

lien’ nemmr in suns

on

time study.

stmpplenient and a definite vitamins. in Grid auxadrome 32 technique

untied
Time

for

at
years.

least

oneyeam
that use of

achieved use
/sas

beyond sponse

reported time weight by the channel 18 children were

reon perre-

of

low
beets

fat tv/sic/s I/se anxiously

multiple by fat Dr. Further

these

s’eported

articles below. of dietary

height mit

adequate Wetzel and

one

of
upon

marized

analysis

relationship awaited.

are

positive to vealed pen cent of There was not. of differ disemisc. demonstrate (ho
(lcIil’C

shifts 88 in

no response growth suibstantially

in

with simple those cases
fionm those

Treatment
Diet. R 1955. L.

of
Swank.

Multiple
Arc/i,

Sclerosis
Neural. &

with
Psychiat.

Low-Fat 73:

failure.

growth failure. which failed to Chronically ill children
with no cvi-

631,

Noveimiber-1)eceniber

1955]

ABSTRACTS

52,)

Time

imimprovemnent

in who of

appetite received the height

was

unifornmly

oh- ever,

the

fecal

nitrogen

was

not

served

in

the
12 is

group
children made during confim’ms

receiving

vitamin Bu
the and periods observation of to than N. Larcomb. stinmulation to a
ETTELDORF

and
vehicle weight

B1 but
alone. in of observa-

fore
altered

the

absorption
by the
on a diet to

of
vitamin.

nitrogen
of 0.1 20 in per g

not
No
latter

in the
nmention
group

influenced and therewas significantly not Nitrogen equilibrium was
of cent cow’s of Na, milk the K, usual and Cl protein intake. baltimat mediated Time a cornB,2 aumtimoms combinmi1)roteimi

the estabhishmed which

comparable the.

corresponds

tion.
Timis Cimow, fits tite on are by growth report and to these and mote be agents of Wetzel. These of specific time beneinfluence recently attributed rather development.-J.

All ance
appe- time mrmore bination

infants during
results throumgh recent of appear it in would accumulated benefits

remained

positive

the
derived its claims

experimental
confimnm from ability of to beneficial time

and
clinical vitamin stinitmiate

control
observation B12 effects and of of on a if are

periods.

Thmese (‘hmiefly

appetite. from vitamin conipletetime high timis

tetracycline unjustified. have data ETTELDORF B-12 and J.72: 259, the

derivatives

Efiects Retention

of Vitamin in Infants.
McCrory. nitrogen on information following the The

B.

and R.

Aureomycin Kaye, H.
13: 462, 1954.

on Nitrogen Caughmey, and
balance studies in anahoiism vitamin were B12 niale caloric time in(1 two g/kg/24 hr). om’dem of

mmlso ness, had lion intake.-J.

For
been on cimildren

the sake
interesting time effect while

\v. w.
wem’e to and infants wciglmts take fants hr) and influence receiving There result anticipated, siderably 2.4 protein

Pediatrics and

Individual
conducted obtain

electrolyte children time of studied 3 and 7.4 vitamin hugh diet was intake. in(’mease in either diet weight receiving protein (0.1 studied kg. B2. 12

nalnoumrishmed N.

malnourished concerning administration subjects 3.8 and of a on to

Vitamin

Growth J. M.

of

Children:

A

aureonmycin. ranging varied reniained were 3 on of the placed a low

Review.
Al. in- Time apeffects thus

J.
A.

A.

Canmpbell and
1955. dealing B12 is the of low in work is blood in several females; malnourished
as

\1cLmmughlan

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

between from fixed effect protein protein significant higim gain in time vitamin in period group B weight when protein in

mmmonths The

whose Causad.

total
of

literature vitamin it is con

with reviewed. that present whmicim vitamin l)rOteifl the Nutritional no

gi’owtlm-pronmoting On conclusions time. appears B12 diets,
Symposium

thereby

eliminated Timree diet g/kg/24 on in group; resulted (11.8, the

time The to in is

basis (‘an only show underthat

of be a of

petite-stimulating

review,

apparent at study, effect on

aureomycin low no

drawn pro or Time really controlled infants growth-promoting as weight aJolliffe be Series children et

was
of

weight as in a

at., published

vitamin the greater tin

would

No.

7,

National

Vitamin
needed.-L. levels

Foundation,
‘IV. of groups groups; (c) anemia;
KINSELL

July,

g/kg/24

con- 1953. Additional compared to lnvestigation low protein con-in wimen alone was s/sown in corn-pregnant absorption adin of some a reduchion vegetarians and

of and

the

vitamin of

/sa.s B,,

diet).
junction greater pared to

The
with increase a

administration
caused

of
(0.3 vitanmin

aureonmycin
an g/day), B12

subjecls:

(a) wit/i

insignificantly

(b)
in

in an(l

SOflSC

lactating individuals.

those

defects, older

in pernicious

(d)

nministered
protein. Vitamin in protein significance” nitrogen intake

to
B12

two
resulted retention and because

infants
in in was it In an during two increase

while
a the represented infants of the considered with by on loss. was a one the

on

a

low

intake
(‘emit

decrease subjects ‘to on 17 period

26 of per with be only a per of to per individual. nitrogen increased high with protein no in be cent low of 8

Some
a B12 imigim lion by 55:

Observations
Jamaican

on
Children.

the

Metabolism
S. J. Patrick.

of

Vitamin

J.

A’utri-

considered

“doubtful per protein cent vitamin in

129, 1955.
following
of

cent Time
investigation

woik the

was nutritional

undertaken status

as

part

of

an

of

time total
there

intake.
was This retention

of

cimildren had
received period B12 control concentrations for

in

intake, nitrogen administration.

Janmaica, time

cant
increase mycin

in

such
being exerted

a

was small series, influence nitrogen excretion

80

contributed no fecal

insignifiof time 9 months trations Aurcoretention by change the of which vita- American intake. Chem. children in B12 vitamin.

W. I. of 19Jamaican cimildren B12A group dietary vitamin B12 supplementation
had than were 199: by resulted The after had very significantly did a control to plasma similar higher group. vitamin those attempt

B.

wlmo

over a piasnma The B,, reported

of concengroup normal two vitamin of the was rise B12 in (a)

children

and
min This

increased B12 in the

Urinary

nitrogen group observation,

receiving correlated

adults 433,
in

by
1952). higher percentage each

Rosenthal
An intravenous “resting” of test dose the

and
to

Sarett (J.

Biol.
of

satumrate levels which however,

when

repeated

injections plasma vitamin not, did

absorption and was interpreted

i’ate
The 77.5
to

of

conversion

a decrease to indicate of protein

in retention of a probable increase to carbohydrate

nitrogen,

and

fat. excreted
from significantly.

excretion to 66 per
the group

ofurinary nitrogen was cent wimen vitamin B12 was
receiving the low protein

decreased administered intake;

Plasma
after howa test

levels
dose

and
of

urinary
time

excretion
were

vitamin of coumipmtred

vitammmin

530

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF

CLINICAL

NUTRITION

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

children after children were excretion

of
dietary with observed of

retarded
vitamin normal between vitamin

growth,
B12 growth. time B12 or in

(b)
No groups time

the

same
and in the of by

children
(c) differences

Satisfactory pernicious anemia

clinical

and have been

hematologicat

responses

in

supplementation, marked rate

oral

vitamin
doses as

B,,
are containing 0.05

without
employed.

repeatedly intrinsic
However, amounts mq an of oral small

reported factor,
commercial of

with provided
vitamin factor B,2 have

urinary massive preparations removal of

B,2 from the plasnma. B12 in time plasma was,
nmentation.-B. SURE

The
however,

“resting”
raised

level

of
the

vitamin
supple-

with proved

a.s little very

to

0.30 on

intrinsic daily

effective

schedule.

Informisation I nods in, I/se is based (115(1 ‘urgently ljt(’ratur(’

(Its

I/se needed. ‘nsa’y

true l(ICk the

vitamin Most accuracy inforination activities

B,, content
of I/se of of values snore assay vitamin

of recent

Oral Anemias.
found South. Eleven wit with B,, factor It was therapeutic hi

Vitamin W.
M. J.48: patients “nutritional” large

B12 in the G. Unglaub
261, 1955. withm muacrocytic doses that of in sg jg and

Treatment and

G.

of Macrocytic A. Goldsmith.
mimmd thmu’e treated intrinsic initial

pernicious aneummia B1, cases vitanmin most

aumeimmia su’ere witimout a satisfactory

york
i,set/sod,s’

on. I/se

newer biological

regarding

oral
found

als(l

/)selL(1O-B,,. B12 Content
Schweigert.

material. response could be (3 (1 be maintained mg) a unpredictable

Vitamin
mind B. S.

of

Organ

J.

Nutrition

Meats. H. Schmeid E. 53 : 419, 1954. of assay for
KCN, or over assay containing assay that with

obtained
ung) of on

by
vitamin doses week. variation

the
B12, of in However,

oral
and 3000 retg

midministration
remissions has every there sponse was could

of 3000 or 1000
wide

Time microbiological B,2 using L. leichnsannii
been or did term of acid. an ftmrthmer thioghycollic not inmprove miuto(’Iaviflg amino acid investigated. acid time and

method
327 to assay medium
as

vitamin
NaNO2 mediuni of the shomt-

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

the same

test of

organism

4 weeks
a

Additions the method

Oral

among vitamin
treatment

different patients, B12 therapy appears
of the Serum therapy with neumrologic vitamin and macrocytic timerapy. before

to

be

as

effective as

subsequent

thioglycoihic sanmpies and lung, liver and of higher the in was kidney vitamin, vitamin found after of from from

in time use Pai’enterai subnormal relapse

complications B1, (luring anemia.

levels were withdrawal

Time
liver, beef, old were

vitanmin B2 )otency of kidney, pancieas, spleen, pork, and iamb, and of
and to t.hman meats sows be of was time beef those found richest organs of pork. vitamin

conmposite heart, brain Liver sottrce were B12 Pancreas and

in

patients

Two
suffered although (hiet some origin Whii(’im acid-S.

of

the
they

three
were the may

patients
when specific eating study. be some raised as of by

with
a to the free

“nutritional”
timerapy nutritionally The the gastric authors “nutritional” was adequate

anemia
withdrawn, feel anemias hmydrochmlonic that

a relapse timrougimouit doubt of are 0. at least

cows

determined.

mmmlii time 1112 potency to alkali contain

nmegaiobiastic

considerable

activity

accormipanied WAIFE

treatment when of alkali potency use

when
assayed lability of

htmL not
time mmmin B12

assayed with with E. gracilis.
as an are index samples

L. leichmannii, Limitations
of the SURE true discussed.-B.

in
vitaa
of

7’he
large the

decreased
parenteral “intramural by

absorption
injection intestinal Glass (Science

of
may 110: 74,

vitamin
be vitamin 1954). due

B,,
to B,,

folk.wiisg
blockade acceptor”

The group

author (Latner,

of

the Merrill.s,

followinti

paper

is

one

of

proposed the

and
factor.

Raine,
for the
mucosa

(Ifl(1
appears’

1134, 1954) responsible to be pure intrinsic
from u’zt/s /soj qastric

obtained 1cm

Lancet 1: 497 isolation of what The product was and ismucoproa
15,000.

The
S. T. 1955. When injected vitamin

Urinary
Callender

Excretion
and J.

of
R. Evans.

Labelled
Chit. Sc.

Vitamin 14: 295,

B,,.

a

molecular

wcihl

of

((boUt

a

large

dose after in time of a given Stml)je(’tS

of

umniabeled tracer by mtn(l dose nioutim, in a

vitamin of sonic imtniety derived in of Co-labeled of

B12 the Pati,othis

is

shortly

B12 lmas been
appeais control (‘ofldit test measurement ions correlate both

The Factor.
Time for tions pacity of

Binding
L. binding B,, time rising two with Raine.

of

Vitamin
Nalsiie

B,, 175:
of

by Castle’s 777, 1955.
intrinsic’

Intrinsic
ui

radioactivity

time umnine. i’esumlts values obtained radioactivity fi’oumi

rapacity varies, in substances-the the clinical in

Castle’s

In fmmt’t logical urine catime

vitaimmin

vitro,

with
specific

time

concenti’abinding throw

well with unabsorbed

froumm
time

amount

min.
some strat.es min B,2

It
light that or

is
on

concluded
the an of increase intrinsic of t heir HYT’I’EN

that

of excess the of theseesults r may “which the enhance oral amount the either

vita-

feces.

observation factor

The test described is a simple and rapid method demon- of estimating the absorption of vitamin Ba,, and the of vita-activity of intrinsic factor, and it has the additional haemato- advantage of ridding the body of a proportion of
ruti’mmdioaetive I Imat ‘time nmaterial. absoiption There of time is a smuggest ion, vitamin however, from time labeled

poiet in tiOum.”-l.

effect E.

sitmmultaneoums

adnuinist

Novemnber-Dc’cemnher
intestine 1)miienterlil The very in
W(15

19551
be E. diseases Ihan In the
HYTTEN

ABSTRACTS
iimmpaired by time large ?sostti(ll
J)(ItiCttts.

531 A
u’as simplicity
(If

mummy sometimes injection-F. scope broad. of other founded. in

ps(Ictieal its ams(l (lid
lcadiisg

tuodificaliots 194’’ l)y
(If

of Caso I/se has 1953). hose

I/se als(l new ted its to The been and its.suhiis fat

(labeti(’
S’t(ls’(.

(liet
The

ipstrorlsscerl

ada/)Iabihily prescription
(!iabelic

treated few pernici(Ius following of

with the anenzia study,

vitamin beneficial

Relatively

diseases tried

B,1 lee/s nique reports (Icceptance sots, C. appear to
is

(liabelie
its

ntaisy

clinics (Robin-

Ii.:

J.
(lids

Chin.

Nutrition because

1 : 31)9,
recousmen(!ed
(If

be well

vitamin

schizophrenia.

hig/i B,, largely (!angers r(quirenuts of & its l(Ike

fat

ps’e’ciosisly

discarded

utspalalabilily ; howe peri(Ids (If icr, /s ij/s.

of

increasing Is are louver

hipidemnia (lurmisg restriction.

Massive Schizophrenia.
Psyc/siat. Since tremitoment sum(’hm mis immassive s(’hmizopimrenic tg of vitamin doses,

Doses 73: 345, B
various of patients. B12 for received a

of A. 1955.
hmad

Vitamin D. Pokorny.
been disorders
it

B
Arc/s.

in

Treatment
Neurol.

‘wit Is Casbo/iydr(lte

vitamin of Pmsiflfuil doses

used of
‘mis

sumccessfully time in daily and of (lulling few for weeks. and periods any vitamin W.
CONRAD

in to given thmree injection time three difference tm

time svsteimm,

nervous the were in another

Relationship Ketonuria

in

neumroh)mmtimies, vitanmin Ten intranmusculanly period a of and in time in time groump. months (lid the vitamin similar 20

(le(’i(led

G.

T.

Perkoff

of Dietary Carbohydrate Diabetic and Nondiabetic and M. Rosecan. Melabolisiti
of of of Wi(Ie iso(’aloni(’ ketone variations diets bodies diabetics,
ill fat

and

Fat to Subjects. 4 : 214,

B12

treatmument diten

patients

1955. of 1000 Time (hrate

effects content

and time 3 2

cmu’boimyimmetabolism (ha-

upon mind of to ket and

vided
patients

of days, 30 volume improved sumcceeding

mmn(l excretion

3 incontrolled
betalmydroxypatients

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

placebo.
Six of of in time mdter timese time two time 1)atients were placebo 22 gi’oups coumrse injections

of betics, a h)mitients montim i)utvri(’ Three mimmuine were feeding ranging i)loOd

3 umncontrolled
were acid I hue ketone, Time only periods. mind noimal a Time in time ketone for (hisappeared

nondiabetic to extime

investigmited. Infusions were mmdnministered umtilizmition Uminary stool controhle(i nmininmal diabetics imigim mill Eacim period body decreased at of of i)ut of time sugam fmit (hiahetic uiimmoumnts of rise

o-micids ketone were

dumning excretion, perwere on a fat in an(h i’equmire(l intake. A postulated Time rate is lmiglm rise diets

B12 group, not of reveal

Follow-up

determinations sumhjects ketones on time

fmoimm 10 to concluded

in
of

terms

improvement.
of

It
B2

was did

formed. in to excrete not (bet, witim

found normal diet. ketoone of

timat massive

doses

schizophrenia-S.

In the unregulated nunia occumrred.
B,,
(15 aCi(l,

mm mumarked (‘arhoimydrate one diabet ic of diabetic Pat ient

simmmrply

Ainotsg I/se involved

t/ie its

seves’al between tsuclejc

studies vitamin acid

involving B,,
as’

vilamims and f(IhiC

reduced I ime contiol less decreased as insulin

ketonumnia sumhjectms’. dumning rmmte of mechanism ketoacid

relationship

sytst/se.s’is,

insporlatsl.

hmigim fmit ketonunimi. time same fat

foimmumition

The Relation of Fohic Acid.
Clements, 1954. The creased addition the and J.

of

Vitamin B,2 to Egg B. E. Welch, R. W. R. Coumch. J. IVutrilion
vitamin B,2 to of fohic a synthetic acid and B2 fohic the ‘time

Yolk Storage Perrett, J. 54: 601,
diet in-

tue

induring

H. both
It

jected is

the
suggested

imighm fat
that the treatment

and higim
a diet

carboimydrate
normal time nmost diabetic

periods.
mind carboimyprosumitable pmitients.-C. R.

drate of gram
SHUMAN

distribution for

represents

deposition

citrovorumnm was acid more were only of

factor in egg yolks. content of egg yolk
apparent The wimen mum vitamin time B,2 to Hatcimabihity time wimen time

The increase dume to vitamin
lower was levels of added by SURE increased the to of yolk

in time fohic acid
7’/se i’o(I(! fed. coutst s’y permits Empboyitsg
I/s
(

Exc/satsge ejlu’sse sI
nset/s
(15

,S//5t(’tts c/sate/es
ml, /)s’oleits, otse cats fat,

(its phlyed its
itserease (:15(1/or

its diab(t
or

I/mis Ic ydratc individin i/ut.

I/se

B2
vitamin

content wmis diet-B.

increased diet. additioim

I/s is its take

decrease I/se

(‘al(Ifl(’ f/es,

ca rbols of

vita- exe/san

(k/lets
(15

dusg

upots

I/se

ts(’ed.s

tush /)ali(lst status.

gauged A/I/Ias’eislly

by u’ei(/lst (‘lsutsg(’.s a simnibas’mnelhm!

or ?isCt(lbOlU ss used

NUTRITIONAL

AND

METABOLIC

4 usl sabia.

ASPECTS
Dus’ing diabetes carbohyds’ate advanced an (1 I/se ually (Ills ers. dieIas liberalized by the involved content, the Following programs utstil pre-imssuhin the

OF
use

DIABETES
era, of of these t/se high by Woodyalt, of patiemsls were approxunaled 1/tose management fat Naunyn insuhims,
gs’adof

Diabetic
of low and Newburgh, in In sent Woodhill

and

Diets J.
as an

Simplified: L. Logan.
well at 1800of ood f as further and alumes

The
M. J.

Core
Australia

Diet. J. 1: 960,

M.

diets,

1955. in
Physicians timis essence, ed, A
in

introduced studies fat’ I/scy

dietitians will simplifying a 2400-calorie PI’mflits

be interested
diabetic diet ifl(’remises of bread are mind diets. pre-

attempt imible

I/se ts’oduction its

(le(’r(’ases

100-cmmlonie

st Sims,

e.g., mL slice

532
witim etc. to sons, imigh lists this bumttcr With taihor-nmake varying nmilk prepared article diet provides substitumtions mmmanv from for are by represents 0. the a a

THE

AMERiCAN

JOURNAL

OF CLiNICAL

NUTRiTION

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

100

cal and
as diets weight suitable

16 presented,

g

carbolmydrate, it possible is for diabetic program Many simplified Association; possibly helpful of diet perto

with
tively a the its,

elevated

blood

pymuvic

acid

values

were

rela-

or
dc

totally
i’atcd

insulin-resistant
he tebs blood diabetics

-H .

GOUNELLE

redumction woman. on minor time Diabetes but

7’/s e inatsy

(If

c/sobeslerob have been

observed explained The fromn the lack fatty of The are aceavail-

pregnant based Amemican a

unc(Imstrolled

recommendations

by
occurs

the
in

fiisdiisg
I/se of the

of
prcsetsce

itscreased
fsagtnctsts

c/solesterob
of re(luced

getic which .s’i,s

glycolysis. derived by (:15(1 1/sese
cotscenl

disposal

2-carbon may ; limited itsV(Ibl’e(! be

nmodification.-S.

WAIFE

acid able of kcto-acids its I/ic the of I/sal described I/se seduction refolformnaliots in processes’

oxidation oxr;lacctale ate
(lts(!

hindered utsder in

hi/ulgetsesis

ot/ser

biosynt/tetic formaliots

‘l’/se (/i(ll)(IiC lowing
of

pres’i(Ius
7)(IIietsIs

elevaluln /sa.s b(ets

cornliliotss.
rations its

contradicted because

tfleC/5(lt(iittts5 51 15

cholesterol 1isC in

paper.
is

it

its(Iy

lu assunie(1

unJ)(:ir(’(! /)recurs(Ir its

I/s e

itscrcased

(If

/Iyrul’ale but

(limnitsis/se(l

in tale l1’(sliOtt

lead I/se blood.

to5 sigttiJic(stst (

concen-

f/h54C(15(’
5/)0t55e

utihizatiots.

u’t’cti is also

(lifJ(retice iissuhits-setssilive tsoted.

A

in pyruvate (115(1 itsstLhits-1esist(lts

(li(lbelics

Mechanism genesis in of Pyruvic and M. 1955. about pmitients time for using derivatives al)hmI-ketOglLmtarate, measured sumbjects a modermute in receiving degree 7 older these separable and normal insulin; of witim acids by glumand time methods and Diabetic J. H. a-KetogluPatients. Smitim Utilization.

of Diabetes:

Increased Its R. 835, Hill,

Hepatic Relation and to I.

CholesteroCarbohydrate L. Clmaikoff.

Blood taric (A mind K. Acids

Concentrations in Taylor. are of Time
us

S. C/tern.
gluicose were of of incorporate that the

Hotta, 206:

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

Normal Latscet conflicting

People

J.

Biol. Normal

1954.
rats high to fructose determine into time livers om’ formation to The and early of as time noi’mal difference gluicose-fed 16 imours and feeding. the was of in by lmigim time the of were diet. the glucose-fed more fructose liver between diabetic as late as of feeding normal fed rates either When of diabetic than rats fed diet. dinof the time in-

preliminary ‘V.

communication.)

and ailoxan-diabetic
or studied C” time of liver into with glucose restored diet. fructose-fed as time start a

1 : 27,
opinions micids criticize in

mi higim blood minimals corporation time of and mat twice paper either diabetes

There levels immelhitus. estiniation (lescrihe benzene Time cose 8 of groups time blood

alpha-keto autimors being new form method stable

acetate-i-C” cholesterol

cholesterol,

capacity to

non-specific

C”
high

a to blood concentrations

1 :2-diamino-4-nitro-

observed of cholesterol was fructose time observed

cimromatography. pylum\ate, were diabetic imad levels was of glucose no significant there

The
betic the

rate ratii high of was

anmbulant

time dimihetics in time blood (habeti(’s concentrations

livers two ketosis. mats Anmong

Thmei’e were

differences
of no alpima-keto correlation and

between
acids. of time keto

time two
between acids.

3 weeks Time
time esterol witim time tivity

after

evidence indicates timat C” recoveries obsem’ved
time livers of to a of infer the change that fructose-fed, in

time reduction
in time (liabetic size, of

of

cholnot ac-

experinments rat,s is mind glycolytic it is

-F.

E. HYTrEN

result

the 1)001 C2 restoiation

measonable The Measurement Acid Presse Time 1)100(1 was 1mm time in Glucose of Diabetic P. med. M. de Tolerance Blood Subjects. Traverse, Sugar M. an(1 Test and G. with Blood Moieau, Simultaneous Pyruvic S. Hadjissotiriou. Bonfils,

in

time diabetic

liver
diverting

induiced
the

by
C2

fructose
fragment

feedfrom

R. Deumil,

ing is responsible for time path of cimolesterol pathways, presumably
The Renal Human Excretion Beings.

synthesis lipogenesis.-M.
of Inositol W. 33: H.

to

otlmer metabolic K. HoRwn”r
in Dauighaday Normal and and J.

61:

1379,
acid

1953.
measurement during 25 diabetic blood time of and blood 9 sugar tolerance normal blood pyruvic and sumbjects. gluicose test Diabetic

sirmmultaneous pymuvic (‘arried nornmal oumt in

J4arner.

J. (‘hits. iisvestigation

326,

1954.

sumbjects,

sumgmir an(h

micid

evolved

in

parallel
weme

beti(’s, time results

renmained stable. On i)eti(’s Imad an abnormally level, sugar Timis (limmbetics
apart from

fashmion. In 14 of identical: blood pyruvic time other hand, 11 of the
high blood althoumgh identical reflected pyrumvic othmer Imand, the to chemically: acid time values

It imas been known for some time timat patients with lmave an increased amoumnt inositol of in the time dia- diabetes acid urine. By time use of microbiologic assay methods, the excretion of inositol in the urine of eleven nondiaacid diabetic those subjects was compared with that of seven blood

pyrumvic

any acidosis,

cimanges clini(’al wit ii

were group. division low On

practically was blood time

umncontrolled diabetic patients. tion of iiositol in diabetes was of
the thetrol were After inosituria of glycosuria. time ingestion in of time 3 g of of diabetes

Time increased excreconfirmed. However,
after inositol, umrinary there ex(’retion the was cona

time preceding

disappeared

iusumlin-memmsitive.

diabetics

mmmumch imigimem’ in(’rease

average

November-December in
Fumt suibjeets non(Iiabetic the anisam time imihited timat can by time be aumtimors for transport tinder incremise attributed hut time

1955]
(‘ommml)mime(l s’it ii time immositol tines Renal timat of by gluicose in to not inositol an by slow ilmtravenous pem’ kilogm’ammm, I lie

ABSTRACTS

533

Ilie

(hiabet

II’

group

as

controls.
mmslmmmiuu-

diet, (Its.(I closes

hii’er nmelabolic u’il/s
(If

disease,

cellular interitiediates.
/)oilst

glucose,

i:s(leX survey of
()t5

(If

severity,

imemmmmome, follomvilmg of 20 ex(’reted to of high mug sumhjects. conclude reabsorption inositol of

This
of

(/iilh(te.5 /)(1I/5o-

ist imit ion

himihetic studies

a pros’ocalu’(’ diabetes.

l’ieti,

tls(’

t lmree

nmore
a the

in timeir
clearance renal exists renal

umm’inehmin I
tuhuilar and tubules it in mechthat is diabetes produiced

gemsesis
lea(1

The
Effect inhydrate 1954.

Problem
of a on

of
Glycosuria and A.

the

Diet
and Senaeye.

of

the
of Insulin

Diabetic Child.
Dietary CarboRequirements.

inositol loads. in the 0.

Considerable

Increase

Thus urine clearance
WAIFE

appears H.

Lestadet

Presse

med.

62 : 707, for
of

increased pohyuria.-S.

glycosumm’ia

At the children,
eight

first

the diet

French aumthors
the

stmnmmer camp had the opportunity
effect of a sudden

diabetic
studying, modificmit ion

Diketogulonic Marcovich and

Acid J. F.

and

Diabetes

Mellitus.

A.

in W. of sulin

children,

the
No

on

24-hour
was adequmate

glycosumria
observed

levels
between

and Ofl
time in

in-

Marcovicim.

J. Lab.

& (‘bin.

Med.

requirements. parallelism incremise These

42:

681,

1953.

Based
possible nmea.surement completely

upon
relation of

production
to this

of
in

diabetes
acid the

melhitus
in animals, blood of an

in the of
receiving infindings

carbohydrate
an

ration

mind glycosuria
amount of

subjects

diketogulonic material

insumlin.

seem
argument

to

time aumtimors
in favor be adapted of

to
an

constitute
exclumsively

a time
that of

supple-

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

defined
a related in witim
TARAIL

group
was chromogen) contrast respect of

of

28

human
was to found controls. vahidification

diabetics
Diketogulonic in the of

27
aci(l of racy

“non-diabetics” (or all and diabetics data precision

attempted.

and mentary treatment
blood that insulin Analytical

insuhinic

of
rigorous dosage

ohildhood
control be

(habetes,
exercised to time

on
and resumlts

condition
the glycosuiria daily

chenmical rmmeager.-R.

to

time new

method

employed

are

determinations accumH. GOUNELLE
Diabetes

carried

out

every

two

or

tlmree

dmiys.-

Cured and J.

by

La#{235}nnec’s

Cirrhosis.

J.

Carohi,

The i.somsiazi(l Its tile weight blood care/sib beets lion,
flJ)(Ifl

mechanism u’ith paliemsls,

imsvoli’ed in carbohydrate metabolism there This may is imscrease be treated is the to rate a marked in a factor

the

interference of is not clear. increase in increase agent The pyridozine but without appeand intake in this the

J. 1953.

Eteve,

Bertrand.

Scm.
thmree in the

Hop.
cases eourse cure

Paris 12:
of of cirrhosis of their diabetes

607.
witim eu’ohumof migimt

sante with

The
ascites in lion, The

authors wimich

report appeared,

subsequent gain. of to has diabetics

food with

sugar dietary shown which

unless long

to bring standing.
anti-diabetic

aboumt
effect after case in time

thecomnplete
of

supervision increase led

imposed. of

has drug
excre- be

La#{235}nnec’s

cirrhosis

related

to the following
of dog, resulting simple

experimental
is hepatectomy; time fronm

data:
the same of

time

neuritis,

effecthypoglycemia

hepatopancreateetonmy causes

terest
vitamin rob

Carb(Ihydrate to know
factor in the

metabolism. it would be of in-as in the whether this ageist acts as an antihepatectomy, u’ilh referetsce nicolinic to acid in its the diabetes
is ucleolides.
GOUNELLE

secon(hary

disappearance pancreatectomy.-H.

p/s osphopyridine

Effect in S. Controls 0. Smith.

of

Isoniazid and Diabetics.

on

Carbohydrate G. R.

Metabolism W. Luntz N. and

Is Diabetic 466,

there 1953.

an Subject?

Increase

of

Cellular

Glucose

in

the

H. estradet. L

Brit. glumcose
and that temporary a

M.

J. 1: 296, 1953. tolerance
nondiabetic the elevation

Presse
a higim

mne(l. 61:
blood suigar

The
hotim

oral
diabetic simown and to the fasting

test
tuberculous administration

was
of of This it is a the

performed
patients. isoniazid blood effect reducing before days was 307 of mg isowas

on

It
level dume The

was

It is generally admitted level is accompanied by of cellular glucose, and
extent, author normal is responsible shows suibject identical therefore,

that

a correspondingly that the latter
for the the space the there

higim level is,an toimocas space. free is disglumcose well glumcose as is

produmced

sugar agent.

inmpmuired drug blood mg
WAIFE

the itself,

tolerance. although sugar of ml. sumgar 6

portant not

complications diabetic in is whicim no extracelluiar

curring in the diabetic.
The timat the with that in

A disturbance
niazid niazid, was 255 time

in (‘arboimydrate

nmetabolism diabetics 6 level After

is inferred.

per

in the isodistributed It per seems,

100

fasting

blood

within
persed ment.

100

nml.-S.

0.

the mums(’le cell, and timat free glucose solely thmroumgimout the extracellular
Timese facts contribute a supplenmentary

environargum-

The
80fl1C

following abstracts of the special problems

present views encountered

expressedon in diabetes:

meat not

in as

favor of time concept which a distumrbance of intracellular

regards diabetes carbohydrmite

534

THE i)tmt
glucose

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF
(lysfumlm(’t Time
in time

CLINICAL
ioning

NUTRITION
cmiiia)imydimit es t iI(’ e

[Vol.
mmmcl bohisimi a induced h)lOOd in exercised

3,
in

No.
diabetes. role by

6

mimet :sbohismmm )mis5mLge of

.

(m1ml’

as

a condit time (‘eli

ion
15

in

u’imicim I lie

mt o

immiimmpered

-H.

t miose-phmosmimat
exl)erilmmental

seemmm 0 I 1)1:53’ mm m’egumiatory hist uri)amm(’es (‘immLmig(5 in role and reduiction )yruIvic by the

Gou
The and tevant,

N ELLE

time acid proc’-

mitit lions. Relationship Body I. Weight D. Calvin, in Among Alloxan and N. Glycosuria, Diabetes. E. Food F. Intake, M. testify
to

Finally, the oxidation

predommminant
GOUNELLE

Fuihler.Metabolism

esses of Stumrmetabolism-H.

carbohvdm’ate

3:

262,
An

1954.
index of whi(’hm using in intake glycostmria alone in was accounted glycosumnia. t’alcumlated daily intake per urine. a cent food or of by intake. body the available mippemir diabetes of that fairly An time is a among alloxan and weigimt by 88 per for dividing Thmis weight 84 index severity independent nmumltiple glycosumia, diabetes. reduced cent. per of the index and glumcose alloxan (‘Onstant of of diabetes food food Removal the Either cent severity daily is was not of variability intake the of glycosunia related excreted induces intake analysis intake, of hums and of been A Concept of Diabetes. W. P. U. Jackson. Laiscet

eslal)lisime(1

2:

625,
Timis

1955.
interesting time reference prediabetic. natural to are condense used it the A in mind somewhat hmistom’v effect great adequately of of many illustration for provocat diabetes cimildbeaning personal and it abstract is i ye with on anti not punl)ah)em patime

1)0(1’,’ weighit,
time melationsimips weight of

regres.sion

body
effect diabetic weight mihility i)etes by to ovem’ in in ily.-C.

and examines ticular time so-called in
borrowed or

data
to

van-possible poses. dia-

Briefly,
Pm’egnancu’ evidenced, that

time (‘onclusions
is in during dumning a part, dangerous by pregnancy,

reached
stress the by

are
to

as
the

follows:
panci’eas of established of ocas

time food 50 time rmtts

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

indicated

worsening the by time

diabetes
metinopatimy

pregnancy,

appearance occasional

It

uvoumid

1)ermimanent R. SHUMAN

sever- (‘umrrence appears “pnegnan(’y” Pregnancy normal produce ingoid,

of

hyperglycemia
and diahetogenic envim’onmmment which who time real pancreas. is

in
by to

nondiabetics
the the of the fetus

whicim
hypertrophied ; “the

(his-

postj)artum,

Endocrine anized Rats.

Influences F. 21,

on 1954.

Diabetic and

Index N.

of

Allox-

abnmmiy and cushabnormal (ho and (‘prewe size;

M.Sturtevmmnt

Hansen.

uitemine a or baby a (‘hild

prediabetic an non form

Am.

J. Physiol. 179:

Time diabetic index may be defined as time glucose vascumlan system and ex(’retion corrected for variations in food intake. “We do not know Timis index is independent of variations in body umnderstand its vem’y weigimt. Time test objects in timisstudy were alloxan
diabetic ratio letlmal ratio. sumblethal tropin, aumthors diabetes to thmmt
OPI’EN

is stillborn, grows too develops cause relation in the time victim overtly of

gigantic tall, has diabetes.” diabetes, to latent years diabetic.” themapy, or of to growth

rats

fe(l ad redumced of following

hibil by com’tisone

urn.

Time or

“glycosumnia limyroxine

/ intake” However, increased

bumt

apparantly

diabetes with becomes

was
doses The

adrenalectomy. were wit imoumt

significant

effect:

diabetes’) before ime the timis time tion the of individual staphylococcal

memains or she pregnancu’, Cusiming’s infection,

or decades Dumning aquisi-

conticotrophin syndrome on overeating,

amoumnts diethylstilbestroi, believe is a endogenous
HEIMER

of

(‘ortisone cobaltous

or

thyroxine,
chloride, treatment. disorder or

corticopartial The in compared cortex

acromegaly, a nmay umneover diabetes. The and to cannot evidence time surface,

thyroparathyroidectomy-thioumracii that relative suml)pomt the secretion such primary of deficiency

already adequate additional diabetic

pi’edisposed

insulin of
adrenal

alloxan previoumsly stand the of and the latent

compensating pancreas stress comnpletelv, state is brought

the

timese data

mu hvpothesis,-M,

J.

divulging
or cimanges to back wrong

its in
talk

menacing carbohydrate
of are diabetes present. further

presence by tolerance,
only It timan wimen is a that-even

emmmhm’yopathmies, Hence it is
glycosunia disorder into the and which

imypencalcemia The phosphates Blood of Hexose-Monophosphates, and Normal Le Pyruvic and Diabetic the Acid-Their Triose-MonoStudy Subjects. in R. the Boulin goes

mumoh

womb-F.

E.HYTTEN

and
point

P.
of the

Nepveux.
the three similar diabetic attention. increase of is not in

Diab#{232}le 2:
nmetabohites fasimion in Timree

51, 1953.
from imealthy of facts, under in the of the diabetic eimaractenistic subject. time behaves subject standin studied, time sets

Carbohydrate apparently in nmerit

metabolism,

regar(ied

CARBOHYDRATE
of the

METABOLISM
population
for

sumhject.

an J1’ith mass sereenimsy andof diabetes melhitus, imowever, mine the infismetsee of the

evidence

The
influence suibject, diffem’en(’c

imexose-monophosphates which in is the (‘onstant

tolerance. high fat

7’hcre feedings or
it has

it beconses important to deterthe previous diet upon glucos has beets adequate evidence
starvation been recommended will that impair a 250glucose to

that

insumlin, obsem’ved

normal tolerance, This300-gram

(‘onstituites

mu nmajom’

(lays’ prior

carbohydrate diet ((I the performance

be fed of the

for a period of glucose tolerance

3

Novenmher-Decenmhen

1955]

ABSTRACTS
below
/Is’acticaiit

535

tt.st. betul its1.1
(If

however, Jus’t/ses’ wei(//s

tise s’C/)(Is’t t to the

rer’(abs
y

(iatO

t/5(lt

of

ttsa.s.s ,n’,eets-

Ketogenesis High Fat
miman. Several Am.

I is C /)o/)s(l(1tO15.

in Rats on High Carbohydrate Diets. H. M. Tepperuman mummd J. T(’pp(’J. P/sysiob. 180: 511, 1955.
groups of i’muts were midapted to

and

symmt imet a’

The erance
It test
on

Effect of the Previous Tests. E. M. Irving 211. J. 35: 275, 1954.
imas mnay mi low been give 300 an grams but medical 7 males suggested abnormal diet of many students and 5 ; timat

Diet on Glucose and I. Wang. lasgow G
time in preliminary daily find three aged this laboratory 19 to 25 a glucose a normal diet has

isocalonic diets either Tolfat. While subsisting
the tolerance person conbeen ex(’ess )revioumsly to produmce fed mu imigh more ketone controls, (following was imigim level, imigim iniposed, carboimv(lrate ‘,Vimen liver fat On intake time timose diet slices (‘entration.

imigim in canboimydrate on these diets the
imad otimer wimieim imad were fmit On a diet bodies the imigh a imigimen when blood iman(I,

or imigim in animals on
ketone confast omm a ketone

mu 24-hour been blood

immid l)revioumsl3’ mu Imigimer exammiined timey thman otimer fat

result cminbohmydrate lersons and females

carboimydrate

frommm animmuils were slices imand, diet) observed from after the time fastslices

taming recommended, nauseating. Nine members,

carboimydrate staff ing 24 hours years,

were
were

subjects
given

before

daily
I hree

100 the first glumeose for 4 days before
the

in an investigation g of carbohydrate
tolerance a second was sumgan was

where daily for
test test. reversed. are not In and In

9 of 4 days
then the

make timem

mucim

less
Time

ketone
octanoate

bodies
oxidizing

timan
fat in cycle octanoate shown produce timat diet. timeir

controls
capacity Washed octanoate was

on

carbohydrate.

300

g liver otimem’ poorly,
oxidize

foumnd to

be
bumt

uncimanged
from timene he is no The livers. fat-fed less of

by
fat-fed

imigim a cimange Krebs when

particles

liversoxidize

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

ability intermedicannot fortified ketone pno(lu(’more

to he

subjects,

procedure time blood investigations types show low low this the weiglmt for result on time (“lag”)

Fumll
Briefly,

details
the fasting on the tolerance subjects

of

ketoglutarmute.

recorded. significantly no case did curve, althouglm simowed subject and any anyone diet,
HYTTEN E.

ates

nmay

deficient fronm

oxidized
the imomogenates bodies tion enates is signifiwho

in
and when from

fat-fed
simow octanoate livers

It oxygen

was livers

different glumcose three

two test on the

of diet. a diabetic carbohydrate curve. carbohydrate did of a not the normal

umse

and

ketone rmits.-M.

diet Every diet, cause test,

an
lost (‘ant is

added is

than do

similar

homogJ.

oxyhypenglycemic weight alteration nmaintaining special preparation on that time since in his

(‘arhohmvdrate-fed

it

OPPENHEIMER

conclumded

requires

no

test-F.

Effects Glucose, J. Sporn, Physiol.

of Mixed Foods Amino Acids and
A. 7: Bnidgn’aten, 443, 1955. (‘urves Timese
glucose

on the Blood Chylomicrons.
H. Necimeles.

and

Levels of H. Singem’, J. Appi.
glumcose to timose curve

Many
Antong tuns

factors
t/sese are

affect
the

the
t/syroid

utilization
gland,

of

carbohydrate.
adapta-

previous

Blood
alone was

giumcose
fed.
wimen or with

were cumnves
was

studied were

when compared

to hig/s fat feeding, tion of other nutrients. in recent reports.

and
These

the

simultaneous
are

ingesdiscussed

obtained
gelatin,

fed
or

in
with

combination
both. The

with

subjects

cream,

obtained when glucose was fed in any combination was depressed below control values. In addition, gelatin was fed with glucose, with cream, on witim Effect of Thyroidectomy and Food Intake on Oral when the blood amino a(’ids curves observed were and Intravenous Glucose Tolerances in Rats. R. 0.hoth, depressed below those obtained when gelatin wmus Scow and J. Cornfield. Am. J. Physiol. 179: 39, 1954. fed alone. Plasma chylomicron curves were stumdied Thyroidectomized rats were subjected to forced when fat alone was fed. These were unchanged wimen feeding. Marked obesity and increase in body size fed witim gelatin, with glucose, on with botim.were the results. Oral and intravenous glucose tolen- fat was ance curves were not changed by alterations in food M. J. OPPENHEIMER
intake prived noums by cent intravenous on body size in normal controls or in rats deThe shown observed is immediate nmuscle tissue. to
t(I

of
roumte

their
was of that tests, slowly

thyroid
used, In time

glands.
glumcose case

When
tolerance

the
was

intraveimpaired

utilization be within

of delayed, the

glucose iso first and more

by liter appreciable

slices effect

/sas

been being by

thyroidectomy. above more the

of time oral
rats was

route,
50 from

the
pen

hours. 6
utilization

its

contrast,
of glucose of the cells.
not

there
glucose

imypenglycemia

timyroidectomized observed in
glucose during was the minutes.

uptake
The

normal
removed first It

controls.
20 is may minutes tentatively be due

In
blood

rapidremoval

administered
difficult Isexose such or of

orally
explain phosphate phosphorylated cons verted

over
within

that
except compounds to

of
the

intravenous
liver
are

glucose
formatiou Apparof rapidly

mnuch
dumning suggested

than is

through

following that this

100
last

observation

20-minute delay M. J. OPPENHEIMER

in

the

onset

of

urinary

excretion.-

to etstly a utilized possible

glycogets.

Evidence

roles

for

ats’opstse

and

heparits

is itsdicated.

536

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL In-

OF

CLINICAL

NUTRITION

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

Quantitative Relations Between the Oral and travenous Glucose Tolerance Curves. H. Scow 0. and J. Com’nfiehd. Am. J. Plsy.si.ob. 179: 435, 1954.
Time of time timat for for oral oral oral balance of this glucose. administration in the
OPPENHEIMER

glucose between intestinal which glucose

toleimince ovei’mull absorption. demnonstrates is A may liver roughly

cumive glucose

is

time removal

resultant rate

Carbohydrate and Ketone Body Metabolism Fluoroacetate-Poisoned Rat. “SFA betes.” F. L. Engel, K. Hewson, mind B. T. Am. J. P/sysi(Il. 179: 325, 1954.
Sodium Sodium lLeIitOneail3’. fluoroacetmite Twenty-foumr the
ketonemia

in the DiaCole.

(SFA) houmrs were observed. mind
was

was

injected

intra-

and
rate in

An expression
that three umptake this not account the times of observation. for

is
removal timat glucose it.-

dem’ived intravenoums Giycogenesis

and
for prolonged
diunm

hyperketonemia
dumration
wimichm

Ia ten imyperglycemia SFA poisoning of
to

degree

imigimem’ liver explain does

considered

be

octanoate due due

soto to fat

increased SFA enmulsions, Glycerol tive than sugar

1)rOdtiction poisoning and did whatever glycerol in suigan levels. blood imypenglycemia diabetes action pancreas on influiencing gluicose

and not the

decreased affect route were monoacetate

ketone ketonemia of ketosis more by ketosis authors of secondary action CFA

utilization. administration. effecelevating without consider poisoning to general cells of beta

M.

J.

decreasing opposed levels. and ketonemia meilitus tissuies or insulin

Atropine
Robinson

and and C.

Glucose Metabolism in G. Wilben. Am. J. Physiol.
time per100 to end control produiced Time in15 a long 130 wem’e per maximum The since over In this given cent time, minutes. normal fasting Glucose a two values. cimanges was the hours

Goats. P. 181 : 481,
blood tolerance sugar

F.blood
affecting that represents metabolic the

Cortisone

The

1955. In
was cumrves
mg pen

these
about were

experiments
80 mg observed

ml.
reacim of

of

maximumm time in now elevation the

196 of
blood glucose 140 Prolonged

pnodumction.-M.

J.

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

sugar
fasting tolerance cent maintained increased of

100 ml. At the had returned to
up to controls for up results to 16 days (‘uli’ves.

OPPENHEIMER

pen was vivo.

Effect
W.

of &
the tissues

Fluoroacetate
B. Elliott and

on
A.

Glucose
H.

Metabolism
Phillips, Arc/s. Jr.

in

values of atnopine,

timose latter

Biochem. were Since controls
in case, eral the

Biophys.
demonstration of have

49 : 389,
of umtilized of various for that time and the time interfere the

1954.
accumulation flumoroacetate tnicarboxylic and of acid with lead to the a accumulated presence citrate. a cy(’le removal dismul)tion animals of aninmals, to acid organisms It partial in of of or citrate sex’demoncycle by

three
similar

imoumns later. blood those
was the on this on control Time the would

When
obtained.

goats were

fluonoacetate-poisoned

workers the tissues time probable block tissues of metabolism.

the

mean than twice
sugar in offered.

blood
that is gested; atropine

glucose valuies observed were more strate in controls. After three hours the in the analyzing still more than 160 pen cent above
series. possibility sympathetic be nervous similar No of definite a to direct system the is explanation action sugaction seemed complete of various products of glumcose

importance of tissues in woumld giycolysis

tricarboxyhic

epinephrine

time same svstenm.-M.

J.

OPPENHEIMER

In
on

an
glucose

effort
of and in

to
metabolism

evaluate
in on rat. a marked caused to injections of of rat flumoroacetate strain vito, amounts

the

effect
single of suigan

of
and

fluoroacetate
daily levels of gluicose indicating time doses Timere in the metabolism. albino led were quanto inwere was fluonoand ob-

Effects of Heparin in the Rabbit. B. D. Physiol. 180: 575, 1955.
In cose On nine likewise glycemia auithors release
HEIMER

on Carbohydrate Bond and J.Spitzer. J.
imepanin increases be does The pancreas reduced that the nabbit,-M. by heparin J. blocked not effect Furthermore the

Metabolism
Am. J.

jections made served glu-acetate subsequent some mat.

sumhiethal the time effect albino

flumonoacetate inje(’tions in blood rises, by

blood Initial rise

fasting level. time other

rabbits This hand, factor unchanged due to the epinephnine effect

blood by Pniscoline. epinephof hypocauses
OPPEN-

Produced inj ections accomnmodation Repeated

may hepanin

similar of subletimal glucose. (lifferences on

affect (glucagon) hepanin.

fluorommcetate blood

imyperglycemia

significantly. of by insulin conclusion in time hepanin. is

the

hyperglycemic

elevations is pm’olonged some indications titative The effect of

glumcose

reaoh of

-M. the

K.

HORWITT

The of normal

occurrensce blood it is

of now

insulin has not believed

reactions been t/sat more is tise

in

the rate

presence of change that

sugars

sat i.sfactoriby significant

Fbuoroacetate
metabobi.sm the permits nietaboli.sm. tricarboxylic researcls by

exerts an
irsfiuencing acid into

in/s cycle. the

ibiting the This deptiss

effect oxidative

upon

tissue block

explainsed.

reactions of intermediate

its. the of
the many further actual

glucose

metabolic

concentration values observed.
factors

However,
involved

there
which

are

still

conditioning study.

require

Novcnmher-Decemhem

1955]

ABSTRACTS Hypoglycemia. 1955.
differences mind venouis oral tested, 13 and the in glucose suffered remainder wlmi(’h this oband symptoms. were as
instances

537 In
imited gluicose I imere even, at a a

Clinical
Fabrykant. Time glumcose tests. spontaneous a variety was dumning he time

versus Metabolism
mirt em’iovenoums 1)3’ Of of time

Laboratory 4 : 153,
( A-V) glucose

M.
ms’ere blood tolenan(’e from from

these
cat

expeniimments
l)mlh)illmmr3’ was

time

contractile
tested. mmmg pet’ cont m’mi(’tle i

force
\Vhmen (‘eat force. were time contractile that of on

isoof time Howobserved were force. mit. 37#{176} C..

mmmum.scles u’mis 200 in degrees increase the when for .-M time timeir
.

(‘oncentratioim wmis when a smmmall increase timesc more nesuilts be considered studied nmyocardiumnm ten marked emphasize

determmmined

obtmmining 76 patients

cmmpillam’y dumm’ing

(letenmiminations hypoglycemia clinical suspected. time nmost blood hypoglycemia, by
was

sammme concentnmutiomms lower, in fact effects action
OPPEN

temnpenatui’e

effects

mmmuch

conditions Clinical tests common glucose as such
in most

mality served to Subnormal spontaneous

manifestations weakness hypoglycemic values well

abnor- These muist

tenmpeniutumre u’mmnioums subtime isolated

revealed

are imunger strates mnamnmalian in

J

.

HEI M ER

registered in The
to

conditions onset
precede

it ha.s
of
(If

been digestive

shown instralumitsal

that enzymes Presumably operating

the is

concentrations increased of applied the t/si.s in

of in

several the their equally presetsce respecwell of ab-

not
of

accompanied
symptoms

manifestations. to were its normal nadir

the a high

foumnd

conseentratiots

the when ately

fall the

in

blood giumcose In between are functional resulting than of the at observed

glumcose levels seven

and on even

occurred modervalues

tie’e to
5077ItiOfl.

substrates. the enzymes

processes

elevated.

instances,

subnormal

were
of holic oums values, Inversion in

not

attended

by

Imypoglycemic
clinical and on the

symptoms.
laboratory basis of

The

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

discrepancies hypoglycemia and system rather tests was

explained disturbances from ascribed A-V the glucose blood between alterations. make-ump of

The Role of Alkaline Phosphatase in Intestinal Absorption. II. The Effects of Various Carbohyin time central nen’- drates on Levels of the Enzyme on Intestinal declining blood glucose Mucosa. J. Tuba and N. Dickie. Canad. J. Biochens. to time actual level itself. & Physiol. 32: 621, 1954.
metadifference glumcose the The the is nadir. clinical influence individumal described-C. R. was No symptoms of upon noted relafive lose, Six killed for zyme glucose, cellulose, of

featumnes

Adult
days. alone imours and alkaline was

male
or after a

albino
Groups with being piece phosphatase. of one

rats
were of given

were
then seven the

deprived
given other food, from activity by the

of
powdered

food

for
cellu-

most

tionship

carbohydrates. time eacim of rats was the ingestion buit Sucrose that to the two may intestine.”glucose suigans not can the enof by were tested

and
the the
SHUMAN

the

A-V glucose

psychological hypoglycemic

intestine The significantly and or and sucrose, nmay be “alkaline of sugars it in

manifestations

increased galactose, anabinose, to

frumctose, xylose, animals

mannose, sumcnose. is suggested contrast

An

important

species

difference

in

the

influence

glucose utilization for myocardium has been nificant finding in the olism in the laboratory.

formation demonstrated. evaluation

of of

energy This cardiac

be split by fasted by the of response is a sig-lack severally, metab- and fruictose are present together It is concluded participate in tshe

becmiuse

in equal
that enzymatic

amounts.
phosphatase mechanisms from associated the

Species Differences in the Utilization of Glucose with the absorption for Contractile Force by Isolated Perfused Hearts. F. E. HYTI’EN S. Garb, M. Penna, and A. Scniabine. Am. J. Physiol. 180: 103, 1955. The high levels The test objects were isolated perfused mammalian
hearts. action was pleted, cent of studied. the increase Species glucose In rat’s in differences on the force cases where heart time In pen only was force time cent, 4 of case while pen cent were of the marked cardiac substrate to have when contraction was a when 50 nzellitus which the to increase the alter dethe pen the lens of will in the alter

ofblood
osmolarity s’atio eye. the it letss

may

persist for

glucose long
of is proteins, in

seen in diabetes periods is’ill tend of extracellular fluid.s ansd
various likely that such leading tissues, osmotic to cataract such as

water:soiids

observed contraction

cose
species increase 8 pen

was
were

added.
less. 12 but was

Responses

from
of in in the

hearts
guinea the the rabbit

of
pig,

changes glumother formation it

cent,

cat.-M.

addition, the len.s may be damaged by changes in the metabolic the normalities coincident with sustained h yperh exosemia. was These problems are obviously of clinical importance.
certain instances. J.

ab-

OPPENHEIMER

Relationship Glucose for
S. Garb and

of Temperature Contractile Force
A. Scniahine. Am.

Utilization Heart Muscle. J. Phy.siol. 180: 101,

to the by Cat

Relation between Optical Properties of D. W. Vene and D.

Blood Sugar Level and of the Lens of the Human Verel. (‘liii. Sd. 14: 183, 1955. is largely
it presents

the Eye. with

Although
opthalmological

this paper
tecimnicalities,

concerned
new data

1955.

on

538

TIlE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF
iPmi(’t ion of mmmation

CLINICAL
; (3)

NUTRITION
imm(’m’emuse in high

[Vol.
emmeigy

3,

No.

6
fom’-

time vision

subject whicim shown witim

of effects thmat

time an

comnnion, diabetics. increasing of the

transiemmt blood re(I

(limmmmless sugar reflex of level the

phmospimatc

; mind (4)

It, is
associated

Knebs is
eyetogether

cycle.

effect Eacim of

on
timese

oxi(lative
nmecimanismns evidence

reactions
is upon

of
discussed which

the

a dinmming

witim timeexperimental
based. of demonstrating
is the far evidenced literature. less

in

are normal and diabetic patients. The change the concepts The difficulty appears to be due to “a reversible opacification of the tion on the liver front of the lens of the eye.” Time authors suggest that these lens changes may dence found in
he ness of at
of

both

direct
by The to the hepatectomized nmaintain

insulin
conflicting a

acevicon-

least
vision

partly and cmutanacts.-F.

responsible
sumffered

for diabetic related
HYTTEN E.

the to

transient wimen formation time

by

sumbjects

requires dim-munimnal slant blood intact in the liver. intact

glucose

sugar
The animal

than
assumption goes

does
into at.

time
timat

animal
time extra

with
glycogen

an
has is de-

hyperglycemic, diabetic

mmmay be

glucose

hepatic

been
have

challenged
shown following factor that

by

Levine et
peripheral hepatectomy. from insulin the

The
glucose This liver

latter
suggests stimulates Hastings, an

workers
uptake that glucose et immediate al. re-

Hyperglycemia
Patterson. Am.

and J. Physiol. amounts
rats and the food

Galactose Cataracts. 177: 541, 1954. of
blood intake

J. were added
in

W.creased
a “humoral”

Wimen increasing
to the diet water of volumimme,

galactose
sugar, all urine

utilization
shown

by
in

muscles. that

Renold, produces

sugar,

urine have

increased

parallel
and form high time
;

weight in

manner. gain
fact, in time

It
are

was
when is

found
galactose four of

that

galactose
Cataracts

sponse a intake metabolism
as levels measured

muscle shows
by

but that only a minimal
glucose uptake,

hepatic effect
glycogen

carbohydrate after 6 hours
deposition,

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

inversely

proportional.

more

quickly gaiactose pno(iuction witim by sumgar

blood times as the pen

or are

pyruvate
the

and
liver

CO2
is

production.
incapable of

In

the treatment acid

absence
labeled

of

effective Lowering developcent.-M. J.

as insulin,

incorporating

glumcose blood

cataracts. delays as 35

glucose of
insimlin

into fatty
is necessary
defect glucose.

phlonizin as much

acids. to
but The is

Prolonged restore fatty
by same the secondary explanation diabetic

with synthesis.
is of pertains not ability to

nment

of

cataracts

The
a to

failure
primary utilize

of lipogenesis

liver to loss

OI’PmsN HEIMER

INSULIN
in

AS
total
more beta for cells,

A
body

NUTRITIONAL
economy
substances

FACTOR
are probably few
is esmost

disturbances ficiency.
sion
tissue-C.

in protein This thorough
the
R.

metabolism

in

insulin

demuscle

review
between

closes
insuilin

with
and

a discus-

the
the

there

of

binding
SHUMAN

effect

if
of

any

important cells the and of the from formation

than
energy

the
insulin.

hormone
it within

pancreas, of

sential

of

the
rite ized acids its

tissue

their

ability types. The
and the

to

this perform
of

energy work
of stores fat

the of

tissues variouspecials
from upon

deamino

fabrication deposition

protein

depend

Plasma-Insulin Measured by Valiance-Owen, 2: 583, 1955.

‘ Activity the Rat B. Hunlock,

in Diabetes Mellitus. Diaphragm Technique. and N. W. Please.Lancet
was studied in the two

J.

presence

the for lar
are

effects on the glucose
other

activity in the body. Although virtually all of Plasma-insulin broad clinical types of attributable to insulin can be accounted In the obese group, basis of its action in converting extracelluto intracellular glucose-6-phosphate, there jections, insulin activity observations concerning its physiological the fasting the state was

diabetes who do
was greaten

mellitus. not require
foumnd. than in The

insulin
activity normal

inin fasting

ansd biochemical counted below.
an association type of clinsical

influences in addition,
between diabetes. plasma

which a

are recent

admirably report
levels and

re-subjects. notes added to
was the

When

a
plasma

known
from

amoumnt
these

of
patientsin

insulin was vitro it who refound, of these activity
in this

insulin

satisfactorily

recovered.

In

uncontrolled

but

nonketotic added not activity to the recovered,
the

quire
Current tion. W. Time diabetes,
the

insulin,

no
it

plasma-insulin
was was

Views C. Stadie.

on the Mechanism Am. J. Med. 19:

of 257,

Insulin 1955.

and when insulin Ac- patients in vitro
being apparently

diabetics was plasma its
patients

inhibited.

When

background of the catalytic
aspects of

our present understanding action of enzyme systems
intermediary metabolism are

findings suggest that many diabetics require to overcome an inhibitor circulating in the port. The sites of insulin action which are currently plasma, thus explaining why diabetics often require under discussion are: (1) increase in cell permea- more insulin than depancreatized human subjects. bility or transfer of gluicose across cell barriers to There is some speculation on the nature of this inenzymatic sites; (2) acceleration of the hexokinase imihition.-F. E. HYmEN
general

of group and tivity The

were
was

controlled,
found.

however,

plasma

insulin

ac-

presented

in

the

introduction

of

this

excellent

re-insulin

November-December

1955]

ABSTRACTS
th e to
ust(I

539

Obsess
5’1Cl5’

‘titiotss itssulin c(’rtaits
(If

soc/s acts hexo.ses

as

following the

at rengt/s rate of

en to

(lie (ie(’m’Vmum(’d mimlin coumld relative requinement.-M.

insulin was

(legrmt(lmit iou decmemised rises increased
OPPENHEIMER
.

.

Jim im’pvrt insulin mind

I his

(‘an’ I lit

t lit’ inThis ion. increased mu

tlsat

increase

those- immetmihohisnm resuilt

I t is
in

k mmowmm t im:ut degr:ulat imence, mm

nsetst

tlsc
of the occurs

cell.

Accorditsg

requminemmment frommm J. insulin

imvloi(limsImm.

this theory, phosphorylation kinases within the cell concentration increases.

hexose by specific spontaneously as its

insufficiency,

Metabolism sues. D. R.
177: 535, 1954. is Mannose time intra(’ellumlar

of Mannose by Druiry and A. N.
able to pass

the Extrahepatic Wick. Am. J. Physiol.
the extracehlular tissues.

Tis-

7’he t 1’(IJ)ls ic etsce

follou’itsg ls(Irnno?se rate (If
never

obser,’atiots arisiisg
itssulin

raises from
gets(.si.s’.

tIme
stit ary Soc/s

question of ta

(I

1/se /Iit

its fissfa(’with its t Ise r(’aete(l fiusal to

the has

t r(IJ)lsic a rt.ssilt lsas’e

from of by

to tar

been aetiots of the factirs

demotsstrated. of beta by iisssslits cells an

interference ttsajj si/sic/s itscrea.se(l

compartments

extrahepatic

t Is e /)eri/)heral exhaustiots and atsti-itssulits ac- formation. the Under

In
This

this

regard
is
Mannose,

it
in m’abbit, injected
of

resembles
entering

glucose
insulin. cells under eviscerated

and

galactose.
Glumcose insulin nonby

transfer compete

accelerated

rate its.ssiiin of

mannose
celeration.

w
is into mannose

the
excreted the to

nepimnectomized kidney
time

largely blood C02.-M. stream.
tissumes

when
influmence

insuilin,

extnmuimepatic

oxidize

large
H ElMER

anmoumnts

of

OI’PENJ.

Influence of Prolactin and Depancreatinized sino, H. R. Weinstein, Physiol. 180: 313, 1955.
Initial intravenoums
Timene occumrs sugar.

on Blood Sugar in Normal Dogs. P. P. Fomi, Galmin(. and A. M. Mmigill. Acm. J.
doses
at the

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

of in time

prolactin islets of

lower deLangenhans.

blood

Amelioration
pituitary
its

of
‘tsecrosis has

pre-existing
been as retina rate other in a reported

diabetes
in for kidneys. 13 is hypophysectomy

followitsg
curcomplicaApparently of

smmmime timmme mu mmmarked irmtm’avenoums inje(’tions of time first later stmute, of in “anti-insulin” the these glands

in.stansces granumlation Nevertheless, the pnolactin tions, the folof Time its- tin
imaust

of

beta sumhsequment

cells

the

medical uisder of involving i’s the stutly

literature; severe the diabetic

of

reistly status
tion.s

method with and of The

improving

produice

partial

va.scular

accompanied dogs
proiactin

by depancreatized. observed is

recovery hyperglycemia. timen to timat timat latter
.

beta granumlaHowever, if ‘ery (loses doses timen, is actiozm hehave i)een pitumitary, first of dose prolat’exassohmyperglycemmmimu.

are is

there lowinsg
thyroxitse, activation,

a decreased hypophysectomy.
on

insulin degradation. admini.s’tratiotu increased of the insulin diabetic

prociumce

possibility
release time beta

suggested This which accoumnt when

the

hand, a deterioration

prefonnmed

insumhinhumt

re.sultinsg

cells. hyperglycemia pancm’eas still present

status,

ciated adrenal,

with or it is entirely

Hormones are for

Pituitary Degradation.
J. Physiol. 180:

and

Adrenal N. J. Eigee 9, 1955.
diminished. In

Influences on and R. Wihlianms. H. degradation
pant, this degradation

Insulin-I’31
Am.

cannot caumse
extinpated.-M.

hyperglycenmimu.

J.

OPPENHEIMER

After
was increased animals. I’#{176}’ was
tisone Cimanges

hypophysectomy,
insulin On umnchanged and
in

of

insulin-I’3’
may explain of Hydnocorinsulinaction.

markedly

sensitivity
the otimer after hormone
metabolism

in
hand,

hypopimysectomized

ITEMS
Recent Significance.

OF

GENERAL
in Johliffe. Nutrition
.Jetaboli.sttm
world in

INTEREST
of 4:
popumlation maintaining

adrenalectomy. also
seem

Advances N.
senioums Despite

Public Health 119, 1955.
is in-

growth
carbohydrate

had
to

no

be

un-

The
troducing plies. feeds,

rapidly

expanding problems an

food
of protein,

sumpanimmml whicim

related

to

insulin

degradation.-M.

J.

OPPENHEIMER increasing shortage produmction of aninmai an overall

Effects radation. P/s ysiol.
Time is the so, the

Thyroid N. J. Elgee 180: 13, 1955.
metabolism same as increased of that

of

Function and R.
I’3m-laheied of

on H.

Insulin-I’3’ Williams. Am.
insulin insulin.

Deg- depends J.
a problem

umltimately
in this

umpon
coumntry

(‘eneal
as it that our

grains, mmiy
is elsewhere
consuimption

hecomne in
of

the

world. probably If this “empty the is is of an in body of present tlmis unlabeled

It

is time form. energy or sugars, the and
so

emphasized has a total “Empty wimich essential syrups, (‘onsulmption greater
timat sugars

calories”

increased of are and umse and 32.3

progressively per cent mire devoid and cooking of be fats enmpty mmmade will he cmulom’ies” nemim’ly

umntil of those of mire fats. calories of It oumr

at intake soumrces protein. composed is sugcould

by
is

thyroxine
also possible

degradation of and tni-iodothyronine
due insulin or having hormone In contrast, to is that

insulin-I’3’ may
these inactivated produced might also

produced indicate
substances. It without a physiologispeed

accelerated having (al effect. sort of been

metabolism “umsed” Thyroid mechanism.

nminenais, largely gested he up
sweeteners,

vitanmins

that imalved

non-caloric

this

thyroidectomy

provided

540
in tot’s etc.). Amnino proposed
of imigh-grade

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF
fa(’- veiglmt eggs,alone A is to-group

CLINICAL
gain, less similar an(l than any variation were Timese avenues stuidy this

NUTRITION
‘oumltl was capsumles, in studies of effects timis encountered h)e of to expe(’t time

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

foods (fruits,

wimu’lm

suipj)lv

I lie

essent grains,

ial milk,

numt mit ionmil cimeese, grains wom’ld’s supply with amino intake. reveals a factor the acid

e(l time.

(lume to buit No

chance adgroupsignificant exand sugthe

vegetables, a(’id as a fortification method
protein.

5 pem’ cent

conducted, determine popumlation. in were approach of afltii)ioti(’S this

withoumt normal

of of
Timis is

basic
in

cem’eal time
keeping

ministem’ing differences peniment. is gest furtimem’ The specific

extending proportion total protein protein a protein the produce for of in of weight responsible with cereal a

simulated in evaluating in

(‘oncept more “amino-gram” ciency time mate certain able tissues. The antibiotics hummans. has tional tardation. hma’e shown been value of

timat iiimportant

time for

correct than whole whiclm food of will food

of

exploratory

wheat becomes as all

defi-

nutm’itional

hummans.-

lysine of this acids of

limiting source. proteins biologically and B,2

B. Sums in Observations Combinations.
Wright. of Anstibiotic

Approxiwith acceptrepair and

supplementation amino forms protein

on the K. J. Dumas,
Med.

Use
M.

of 1955.

Antibiotic-Vitamin
and W. A.

Canlozzi,

growth vitamin both gain for children,

1 : 296,
an oral by on

In
growtim-pnomoting have In shown factors several to imave Pi’ehinminary similar been effects studied groups produmce been resumlts.-C. received animals vitamin where growth antibiotics

a

stuidy
500

on
mg

healthy,
of

normal
incorporating the

aduml.ts,
suspension

12
of

subjects
a Retetra-

(‘ychine-vitamin and vitamin dosage B12 nutni- search tion reCouncil’s for periods
niacinamide, pyridoxine,

combination recommended Committee of stress

the
National

daily
Nutni-

Therapeutic 10 mg;
calcium acid,

(thiamine,
mg; fohic

riboflavin,
vitamin

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

observations

R.

SHUMAN

10 mg; 20 mg; B12, 4 on at Haight
of the in Blood hours

100 2
were 8 same
mg;

pantothenate,

1.5

mg;

; ascorbic samples the in as four were

acid, 300 taken

mg

;

vitamin Fourteen of with

K,

2 subjects

mg). and

the
and

Effect of Weight
W. That E.

Prolonged Antibiotic Administration of Healthy Young Males. T. H. Pierce. J. Nutriti.s.n 56: 151, 1955.
prophylaxis infections has is of large the response was of a prolonged of Navy three daily (2) or on intially and both (actual available after revealed groump and and penicillin This groump (average equal degree 4.5 of 4 weeks a the difference (2.7 pounds) difference distinct antibiotic groumps i)ounds) was in were in weight in weight for oral, (3) the amid once identical-appearing 250 mg; units; Observations made individual calcumlated, weight unique been sumch groups effects in clearly however, widespread of of people. antibiotic to young were for seven complications, during markedly and demonstrated. on periods reduces sequelae Little other

before

administration tetracycline-vitamin blood received three these ; at thereafter. houmrs with days subjects

2, 4, 6, and

afterwards. amount form, Sixteen a day from capsumie a day

received

antibiotic

combination epiobtained capsules samples

capsuile times withdrawn

samples similar ; blood before

above.

persons for

demic
number the specific istration a study the that influence information

streptococcal
of population effects to on there infections,

available,

administration of the first less 6 after the first ; and once antibiotic adminBlood levels of tetracycline In the course of hiotic-vitamin combination prophylaxis on achieved with tetracycline was observe recognized the on that the addition of of antibiotic HOWELL vitamins does

4,2, and
the to meeting with for the most appear the antithose

obtained were alone. in not levels comparable It interfere adequate

would

immumne

hummans, opportunity antibiotic healthy recruits “tneatnment”

it

amounts

NRC
attainment

recommendations

administration males. distributed groups, weeks

time weight behavior Six companies of random subjects the cillin, carbonate). imeight later. were tive cent Final initial after the cantly tween biotic rougimiy Aureomycin different. the groups an placebo 7 placebo body of data changes weeks the were The then following Aureomycin, into received one of

infections.-C.-J. at all and one and of

Nutrition
E. M. This peni- problems will ceiving to be

as
interesting with concerned assistance in give should in

a Military
Military paper which in Western large be soft
not

Problem.
Med. is technical those Europe, Far United it of a

Parrott.

H. R. Sandstead 117 : 54, 1955.
review and Eastern States. appears food The to most in as milk, of military countries Based that starving provideggs, and on the successful imindinutritional advisers re-

preparations: buffered, a again groump pounds expressed age the difference and Both total men. and placebo nude 4 weight and and procaine

(1)
(calcium

100,000

and 7 in as the between a

from the quantities resisted.

weeks experience changes pulse relaviduals pen therapy liquid
cooked

weight

advanced and

malnutrition foods
exceeding

consists such

standard were

height). ing changes time

310 on

cereals

first

few of

days. were and

The
seldom proceed

drolysates The transfusions start slowly be-

amino

1500 calories a day for use of oral on panentenal hyacids and plasma and blood
indicated. with caution. Ref.eeding determine chronically the intensity poor of should nutrinum-

groumps. not weight and relative signifigain the reflected

In

the

Fan requmirements state

East, of the

factors include climate,

wimich the population,

anti- tional tnitional in body parasitic

infestation,

and

large

energy

ex-

Novc’mmmLsem’-Dcu’emmmhem

1955]

ABSTRACTS

541

Penditure. PeOh)le religious

In

addition

time by the

dietary centuries-old source, by information to that for

habits social type,

of an(l and

are influenced cuistorns, wimile of food are little area, in determined factumal contrast

these one-third ever, avail- would regu- for tity legumnmes,

of timat provide time

time all and and roumnd

mullowance. riuantity time rice possibly vhicim woumld of essential

It

‘mus

bchiecd, vhmeat acids that in and

how(‘ommsunmed needed dry qumanvmtltme timat of in time numu-

mu’imole gi’owthm, are

ammmino (‘onsummued time timeir at of a very

ability
lation.

Governmruent is available Europe-S.

maintenance nuts, year wheat autimons study. recom’(ls time time Time

Relatively for WAIFE timis

incremuse from widespread

biologic sumrvey time foods somali tinie

0.

of

proteins. conclumded was Thmoumgim was very not the

Food
and T. Tlmis on fam’m extension One-week early 100 This adumlts, chiidm’en, were patterns tional Nutrient compared Researcim time

Intake
Kaumvakali. stuidy amount fammmilies food Jumne, 1953, in 165 and supplemented of families. content as in )rOgrmim

of
was and

Greek J. Am.
umndcrtaken kinds

Farm Dietet.
to of so give 133 families on 711 (10 to one time food timat m’ecords

Families. C. A.31 : 3, 1955.
obtain generally lmome practi(’al s’ere fm’omu Inarnlan(l individumals: 20 years year. of agents ol)tmlifled

Miller undcrnoulrisimnment
their weekly

variety himmmited,

information eaten in suggestions.

Greece, could inventory frommi represented

her of families received less timmun 70 per (‘ent of allowby minces for most numtrients. It wmts fumrtimem’ stated that time somnc nmalnoumm’isimnment mmmmuy exist wimen fmuimmihies use bimt fom’ in “better rathmer M. its nmost

villages sampling

Rhodes

and

corn as time (‘imief cem’emil and few fresim vegetables, in time coumntmy l)rodum(’es enoumglm wimeat and mire more timan own ulse, mind two gmudens mu yemir mire possible of Greece. am’eas ; so time major l)m’oblemim woumld seemu to be

388

adolescents 2 babies with seasonal of

of Timese

age), recom’ds 548

umtilization 158 timan gross SMITH

of

existing

mind in

1)otential any one

sumpplies group.”-J.

insumfficiency

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

under foods the

estimates secured diets with

consumption frommm addi-

Manifest
E. K. Powell,

Anxiety
and

and
S.

Food
Ross. J.

Aversions.
Abuortu. &

W.

Smitim,

Social

were the pen of ten, in servings seven” reported allowances.

calculated 1953 cent tabular as weekly groups. allowances, for acid. of National The the

Psychol. and Individual logic advertising to pertest Three Bucknell school high list of calcium, cimologic Interesting pm’ovided in were and were liver their brains basis

50:

101, 1955.
preference for an enormous Recently, that to and and in for Pennsylvania frequently were between foods buttermnilk cheese wimich males, time (42%), (21%), also anxiety of Among (49%), whmicim differences a eighteen 107 were a high industries. in foodstumffs segment a high level college jumnion are males timey most and given a disliked. administered. and refumsed kidneys fenmmules to (35%), eat study frequency of anxiety. students senior cimeckPsy at imigim is of time time was psycimofood umade of food and

family

allowances recommended

Council

number
allowances cent,

of

families
grouped

receiving 0-100
in etc., the of with intervals are 548 receiving the the were and foods is of ascorbic which interest. for mulberries, augmented obtained raw Only recorded. is and contribuition in making provided and by calories. an little of constitumte showed animal greens. one Increased recommended shown families

1-9 per e.g.,

the was

hypothesis related

Food
centage per

10-19 per cent, records from
of person of of A, discumssion were C. and Families large umsed time and/or meet as of small wheat thiamine, of 1/2 rice, lb and calories. and time obtained authors Time of consider servings infrequently. week cheese calciumm yoghurt time fish flour niacin comparison riboflavin, of numtnients families each

form. aversions

appear

hundred University students 29 foods tests selection umncovered.

1-21
“basic N.R.C.

By
incidences vitamin A important tomatoes vitamin peppers, sonally. ate were during milk fanmilies

simortages

customam’ily Raw mumch of the sumfficient Yellow family, in Milk cheese. of water, their most adumlt is The dietam’y of Daily was sugar-supplied meat the timat pm’otein was not the om’der the melons,

cabbage estimated green

“uinpopuilar” mushrooms

responsible Strawberries, raw greens who of

(22.5%), cottage mush (16.9e%), intakes sea-(19%), (14.8%). vitamin A Among females, time vegetables
ate liver kidneys beer of cheese more did more-a imigh for anxiety Statistical scores were groups student had authors of listed; kidneys. the time (24%), (16%), foods, school scores (58%

chmihi order
(57% musimnoomims soup of cent females of

(14.8%), was:
),

and beer

, ) buttermilk
liven (24%), and per wimile 85 potato cent per

mush
(15%).

brains (67.6%), (29.5%),
cottage one one botim had imigh food dislikes higher anxiety for chumncim small with for frequmency. In on or

produmction

(23%), disliked muales difference. females aversion that disliked

that
authors

allowances.

consunmed beer, and assay protein, consump-

Ninety-seven

pm’incipally not hones calcium. Whole iron, tion Fats, additional Produmction ered food famnilies by problenm.

statistically an(l and analysis correlated and botlm group less point college a

significant groumps, hmigimer also witim sexes. that food sumbjects timis Untloumlit out, had woumld reported aversion food frequent reveals

bread macaroni-but preservation to records enoumgh

unumsual. hotim The attendance considAs

regumlar than nonattendens. a especially true very exl)enience

probably direct he ed lv

most imalf to

serioumsproportion ea(’h food of time supply brains and

(‘umlt umal ots fmict us

542

THl

AMERICAN

JOURNAL

OF

CLINiCAL

NUTRITION Beer in to Renal
F. D.

[Vol.

3,

No.

6

vell organs

as

svmmmh)oiismul are involved fumm’then between and

of studies

ammd here.

identification are clearly and clinical food

with

internal indicated, aversion matter-S.

The Use of cial Reference
the Cassidy, is and

the Low Disease.

Salt E.
J.

Diet with Ohtmmstead,
Med. Sc. 230:

J.

SpeE.

While
(orm’elation intem’esting WAwms

Mumrphmy. Atis.

anxiety immmpom’tant

49, an
tent

1955.
Beet’ provides whicim diet for to Time stimulated Imatients its and mind was of effect witimout patients withi upon umnder is, imy)el’tensiOn. 2000 cc) is of well than was no detem’ioration time cc daily.
as

0.
salt

a

imigim

cmilom’ic interest in renal the

mind its (lisease,

low umse in

sodiumtmm time low witim on

‘omm-

Nutrition and Fluid and ing Treatment of Tetanus. Came. Laiscet 1 : 1303, 1955.
A t)f (‘ont chloride. Time daily tmateil glucose tails sem’ious i)( more to his nitrogen of nutm’ition is supplied containing salts were balances from calories adequmate, imave illness, balance-F. lost about E. possibly mvem’e gmumel and mineral devimutions time than of time described in about mimilk boy h)O’%’ of niti’oums immumous oxide, intravenous 15 with weeks and severe by infusion
(‘OIls(’iOIlS

Electrolyte G. Wilson
tetanus (‘ontinumoums of during in and detail 900 egg. simown in boy 14 becaumse
HYTTEN

Balance
amid A.

durD.

pam’ticular m’enal calcumlated those with in-

mefei’ence system. diets with ummi(‘imrommic disease, by tmike content

cam’diovascular inclumded Time Time

observation beem’

was wem’e

kept

glomimerulonerimm’it tmmalignmint to ( 1150 50 amounts diet was g beer m’estm’icted

Iimmmmmmelst iel-’\Viison’s fluid numtm’itional (‘mulom’ies, and regarded low process. improvement. sodiumnm evidence as i)eem’-sump)le-

fom’ two

a(lnmimmistration (‘ommtm’olled msumxmitmmethmoniummm this : and ; theme blood was period of 1500

convuilsions

given

480

ummcalom’ies mi u’oncenadditional Dcwei’e minalyses.

3.20
negligible mented more diet. of no

g protein,

carboimydrate, sodiummm. tolerated regulat’ clinical in provide

40 and

g

alcolmol, Time was

(‘ons(’ioumsness

mmml of intm’mivenoumsiy. the were

palatable There increased

imospital or time clinical effect laboratom’y renal

supplied are normal suipplied time

Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on June 5, 2011

Time

Altlmougim thought dumring tive

(‘onsi(lem’ed nevertimeless body he was in

to one

added beet’ One patient
year immen.-C.

did not receiving
no

time beer-suipplemented
untowam’d from

(bet

fom
this regi-

simowed R. SHUMAN

pounds

weigimt negmi-

Residual Neuropathological Changes Held Prisoners of War by the Japanese. Catsad. &rv. Al/i, . 11: J 157, 1955.
1mm timis pmuthiologic’ who, logica wimile interesting cimanges prisoners ions from diseases. of was found time in postei’ior seven papem’ foumimd at of four Hong nuitrit to are in Pm’esente(l 11 Kong, ional seven

in

Canadians N. Fisher.
time

Lysine Bavetta 1955.
Dental

Deficiency and S. Bernick.
sti’uictures There of was cimangcs Repletion restoration

and

Dental
I. Am.

Dent.

Structure. A. 50:
mats

A. L.
427,

wem’e

exammmined

in m’etardation

wimicim

were

on
neumro- weeks.

a lysine-deficient

diet
a beginning were

for

periods
seen in

of
the led

from
of long and to

3 to
gi’owtim. hones epipimysincreased at de-

11

genem’al

ex-pnisoners-of-war developed deficiency. years columns ; degenem’ation foumr. on clearly in imands, time feet,” mind and a a and

I mimminife.stat

Degenerative neuro- and consisted Timese cal alterations. died of of report defined Far nummbface, occmuof growth and

osteopom’osis of of lysine chondrogenic

mmmen stmrvived umnm’elated Demmmyelination spinal com’d

activity

an
the

accelerated
changes,

rate.
i.e., retai’ded cimondm’ogenesis, bone and during The to the time

Sinmilan the generation, were also in condyle. period cmulcify mesumit of

and
found Dentin

failure
in alveolar

of
deposited

calcification

(osteogenesis)
mandibular deficiency time

papillo-macumlam’ Time term 1897) nut East. mmt’ss, st’mmsory ‘ioimmully flmere molt’, lie ent
u’aumse

bundle Strachan’s suggested neumnopatImy for by featumres

was foumnd in disease (based the and include of time failum’e, t lmat relatively associated “bumi’ning feet, imvporeflexia,

is ritional

nmucocumtaneoums

appeared in these inadequmate

to he experiments

hypocalcified. appeam’s of

failure to be largely 0. WAIFE

rimminges mind

exhibited Clinical ataxia, spasticity. is if miny, evidence pmim’esthmesimis

prisoners-of-war

synthesis

matrix-S.

visummul

Influence Rat. F.
lumjury 15 or loss

of Dietary A. Fuiimt’tmtan.
was 30 was protiuit’t’d
su’t’ommds

Au..

Flavonoids on Frostbite J. P/s ysiol. 181: 123,
by iimmlimei’sion of
freezing, or at

in the 1955.

tlmiammmimme mdays disemuse, and pmtntotimeni(’ migents. unrecognized prove crucial Moreover, Canadian of deficiency-S. to

sumbsidimim’y seemmm mucid
is It mulso

imm St rmtt’ltmun’s pyt’idoxine, possible timat some B factors complex are soldiers respond time smume also on as

muimd would it

-22#{176} for 10 C.
mire for tissume

after

time foot at -25#{176}C.
Time extent suppleof a diet werehes-

himut i’ihoflmivin, kimown of vitamin
different

seconds less in

after those Time

freezing. animals supplements on

m’esponsihle yet may of

conceivable Unknown diet mmat imes mat will develop

constitube the Chinese soldiers 0. did important. same significance,

mented penidin
side. be-

with flavonoids. methyl chalcone
More protection

or
was

calcium
provided

fiavonate
if the

glycoinjury

approximately

differently. diet as mnammilestations

was the
timis

not severe. mesoappendix
test object mats

Epinephnine of the
imad
wimicim ed

effects were tested on rat. The blood vessels of
threshold immaintained
,

emit ing

a

lower

to
Ot’I’EN

epinephrine on the
ER

in

timose

imad

been

flavommoid-suippletmuemmt

hicts.-NI

J.

IIEiM